▌周乾 著 我国古代把农历大年初一叫"元旦"。自清雍正朝起，皇帝会在每年元旦日举行"明窗开笔饮屠苏"的贺岁 仪式。"守岁"之后，新年第一天的子时，在爆竹声中，皇帝行完拈香礼，便会到养心殿前殿西次间，坐 在靠近窗户的紫檀长案前，亲自往金瓯永固杯中斟上屠苏酒，饮尽杯中酒后，开笔写下祝福新年的吉 语。 清帝饮屠苏酒还有多种讲究，例如在"明窗开笔"仪式上喝屠苏酒，必须要在新年的子时时分，寓意新 年、新月、新日、新时开始；饮酒时要面朝东方，寓意迎接新的朝阳。 大年初一，皇帝还要在太和殿举行"新年团拜会"，也就是"大朝"。皇家"团拜会"的流程是怎样的呢？ 当日天色将明时，王公百官便会在午门外集合，由礼部官员引导，按文东武西的次序，穿过金水桥和太 和门，进入太和殿广场，按照正、从一品到九品的品级顺序就位等候。在中和韶乐的伴奏声中，皇帝先 在中和殿接受内廷事务官员的参拜，然后在太和殿升座。此时，站在太和殿台阶下的鸣鞭校尉鸣鞭三 响，宣表官手捧表文与两位大学士来到太和殿下正中，面向皇帝下跪，宣读皇帝颁布的新年贺词，祈望 来年国泰民安。随后，皇帝赐群臣入座饮茶，互贺新年。这时仅仅是王公勋爵可以进太和殿就座，其他 官员只能在殿外的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article explores traditional Chinese New Year customs, emphasizing the significance of rituals and celebrations during the Spring Festival, particularly on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, highlighting the themes of renewal and family togetherness. Group 1: New Year's Eve Customs - The tradition of cleaning the house to welcome the new year is highlighted, symbolizing the removal of the old and the welcoming of the new [3] - Rituals such as offering sacrifices to deities and ancestors are described, reflecting the importance of family and spiritual connections during this time [4] - The significance of family gatherings for the New Year's Eve dinner is emphasized, showcasing the joy of sharing meals and the custom of leaving food in the bowl as a sign of abundance [4] - The practice of giving "lucky money" to children is mentioned, illustrating the joy and excitement of the younger generation during the celebrations [4] Group 2: New Year's Day Customs - The first day of the new year is considered a time for divination regarding agricultural prospects, with various weather conditions interpreted as omens for the year's harvest [11] - The custom of visiting relatives and friends to exchange New Year greetings is discussed, with ancient blessings reflecting deeper cultural values and aspirations for prosperity and harmony [12] - The evolution of greeting practices from personal visits to sending greeting cards is noted, indicating changes in social customs over time [13]

Core Viewpoint - The lecture focuses on the customs of celebrating the New Year (元日) in Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty, highlighting the rich cultural practices and the significance of this traditional festival in Chinese history [4][29]. Group 1: Official Ceremonies and Customs - The New Year in the Tang Dynasty, known as 元日, was celebrated with elaborate official ceremonies and rituals, starting from the eve of the New Year [4][5]. - The New Year morning court was a grand event where officials presented their respects to the emperor, who reciprocated with a banquet and performances [5][6]. - The customs included a variety of performances, such as the傩戏, which evolved from a ritual to a form of entertainment [4][5]. Group 2: Family and Social Customs - Family reunions were a central theme during the New Year, with traditions such as staying awake on New Year's Eve (守岁) to welcome the new year [11][13]. - The practice of visiting friends and relatives to exchange New Year greetings became a popular custom in Chang'an, reflecting social relationships [14][15]. - The holiday also included a seven-day break for officials, emphasizing the importance of the New Year in the social calendar [10]. Group 3: Food and Drink Traditions - Traditional foods played a significant role in the New Year celebrations, with屠苏酒 being a prominent drink believed to ward off evil and promote health [17][18]. - The custom of preparing and sharing special dishes, such as the五辛盘, was common, symbolizing the welcoming of the new year [19][20]. - The practice of inviting neighbors for meals after the New Year was known as '传座', fostering community bonds [20]. Group 4: Cultural Significance and Poetry - The New Year was not only a time for celebration but also a period for poets to express their feelings about the arrival of spring and the renewal of life [23][24]. - Tang poetry often captured the essence of the New Year, reflecting the cultural significance of the festival and its connection to nature [25][26]. - The customs and poetry surrounding the New Year contributed to the development of the modern Spring Festival, showcasing the continuity of cultural practices [29].

（原标题：宋朝百姓聚会：市井里的烟火气） 文博时空 作者 董严 千年前，赵匡胤黄袍加身，开创了一个自由而迷人的新时代，"举目则青楼画阁， 绣户珠帘，雕车竞驻于天街，宝马争驰于御路，金翠耀目，罗绮飘香"，细致的描述记录了无数生命曾 经存在的痕迹，让我们跟随一个普通百姓李贵的脚步，一起回到烟火市井的故梦。 这里是北宋都城东京开封，也是世界上最大、最繁荣的都市。 俯视这座城池，皇城、内城、外城三重宫墙嵌套而立，最外围周长约43公里，陆路城门共十二座，东面 设有两门，西、南分别设有三门，北面设立四门供人通行，另有水门数座，供河流穿行。城内道路呈十 字相交，街市屋宇鳞次栉比，茶坊酒肆、肉铺庙观挤挤挨挨，养活了五行八市、三教九流。 在元旦当天，普通人家也会认真梳洗，换上洁净崭新的衣服，虽然不像富贵人家有罗、缎、织锦等名贵 布料，但也要素雅干净，迎接亲友的来访。在宋代，元旦拜年的方式有很多,有同族长者带领若干后生 挨家祝贺，有亲朋好友之间相互祝贺，也有大家聚在一起"团拜"。李贵每年都会置酒待客，约三五好友 小聚。早上五更刚过，便有邻人熟识前来拜年，除了提前约好的三个好友，也有邻居贪酒留下相聚。一 边喝着屠苏酒，一边闲话家常 ...