Group 1 - The article discusses the controversial use of Brainwave Oscillation Signature (BEOS) technology in the Indian judicial system, highlighting its implications for justice and ethics [1][5][25] - BEOS technology, developed by Axxonet, is based on the theory of "brain fingerprints" and has been used in over 700 cases since its introduction in the early 2000s [6][7] - Critics argue that BEOS lacks scientific validation and relies on flawed methodologies, raising concerns about its reliability as evidence in court [4][19][25] Group 2 - The Indian National Forensic Science University (NFSU) promotes BEOS as a humane alternative to torture, despite ongoing scientific skepticism [4][9] - The technology's application has been linked to economic interests, with procurement and training creating a financial incentive for its use [9][10] - The Indian government has positioned BEOS as a symbol of modernizing the justice system, despite the absence of empirical support for its effectiveness [10][11] Group 3 - Ethical concerns arise from the potential for coerced consent and the violation of the right against self-incrimination, as seen in various cases where suspects were pressured to undergo BEOS testing [22][24] - The lack of transparency regarding BEOS algorithms and the proprietary nature of the technology hinder independent verification and accountability [5][25][26] - The article emphasizes the need for a balance between technological advancement and the protection of human rights within the judicial framework [24][26]