简简周说 当10岁的菲菲把作业本摔在地上时，她大脑中的情绪警报中心——杏仁核正过度激活，发出强烈的危险信号。这瞬间抑制了负责冷静思考与自我控制的大脑 指挥部——前额叶皮层的功能。这个时候，她很难做出家长所期待的明智行为。不是不想做到，而是做不到。所以，当孩子烦躁地喊出"我讨厌学习"时，不 是他"懒"或"不懂事"，站在脑科学的角度，这是他的大脑在发出红色警报。理解这些科学真相，是帮助孩子的第一步。 1.为什么孩子一学习就烦躁 很多孩子都曾跟我说过，"我很想好好学，但不知道为什么，一看到学习的内容就觉得烦躁，看不下去。 曾经有个初三的男生，一到考试就肚子疼，甚至干呕。 脑成像显示，当他看到数学题时，他大脑中处理身体疼痛的区域（如前扣带回皮层、岛叶）竟然被激活了。 这从神经科学上证实，他的肚子疼、恶心，并不是装的，而是极度焦虑在身体上的真实表达。这种反应与大脑处理社会排斥和情感痛苦的神经网络被高度激 活有关。 神经科学领域的共识是，长期的压力激素（皮质醇）水平过高，还会损害海马体的健康——这是大脑中负责记忆编码的核心区域。 影像学研究证实，持续的高压状态与儿童及青少年海马体体积的缩小显著相关。 所以，当孩子持续在压 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the latest advancements and trends in artificial intelligence and robotics, highlighting various innovative fields and technologies that are shaping the future of these industries. Group 1: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics - Artificial intelligence aims to replicate human-like intelligence in machines, encompassing areas such as robotics, language recognition, and image recognition [12][19][22] - Key technologies in AI include machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing, which are essential for developing intelligent systems [19][22] - The rise of swarm intelligence is noted, where collective behavior of multiple agents can lead to enhanced problem-solving capabilities in various applications [15][16] Group 2: Innovative Fields - Nine major innovative fields are identified, including human-machine interaction, biohybrids, and radical social innovation breakthroughs [8][89] - The article emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in driving advancements in these fields, particularly in integrating AI with other technologies [8][89] Group 3: Emerging Technologies - Technologies such as hyperspectral imaging, speech recognition, and touchless gesture recognition are highlighted for their potential applications in various sectors [10][13][29] - The development of flying cars and autonomous vehicles is discussed, emphasizing the need for advancements in materials and battery technology to make these innovations feasible [32][33] Group 4: Material Innovations - Liquid metal technology is presented as a frontier material with applications in electronics and flexible devices, showcasing its unique properties [34][37] - The article also covers the advancements in high-temperature alloys and carbon fiber, which are crucial for aerospace and automotive industries [39][56] Group 5: Future Directions - The article suggests that the integration of AI with neuroscience could lead to breakthroughs in understanding human cognition and developing smarter systems [24][90] - It calls for continued investment in research and development to maintain competitiveness in the global market for AI and robotics technologies [86][88]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the creation of an AI pet named Shoggoth, inspired by the Pixar lamp robot, which utilizes GPT-4o and 3D printing technology to interact with humans in a pet-like manner [1][48]. Group 1: AI Pet Development - Shoggoth is designed to communicate and interact with users, potentially replacing traditional stuffed toys as childhood companions [5][52]. - The robot's structure is simple, featuring a base with three motors and a 3D-printed conical head, along with a flexible tentacle system inspired by octopus grabbing strategies [8][10]. - The robot can adapt to various object sizes and weights, capable of handling items up to 260 times its own weight [8]. Group 2: Control and Interaction Mechanisms - Shoggoth employs a dual-layer control system: low-level control using preset actions and high-level control utilizing GPT-4o for real-time processing of voice and visual events [25][26]. - The robot's perception includes hand tracking and tentacle tip tracking, using advanced models like YOLO for 3D triangulation [30][33]. - A 2D mapping system simplifies the control of tentacle movements, allowing users to manipulate the robot via a computer touchpad [22][24]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Solutions - Initial designs faced issues with cable entanglement, which were addressed by adding a cable spool cover and calibration scripts to improve tension control [14][16][17]. - The design also required reinforcement of the "spine" structure to prevent sagging under its own weight [18]. - The final model successfully transitioned from simulation to real-world application, validating the effectiveness of the control strategies implemented [38]. Group 4: Creator Background - The creator, Matthieu Le Cauchois, is an ML engineer with a background in reinforcement learning, speech recognition, and NLP, having previously founded an AI company [39][41]. - His work includes various innovative projects, showcasing his expertise in machine learning and robotics [46][48].

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has developed the world's fastest subcellular resolution 3D imaging technology for small animals, enabling the first high-definition mapping of the entire neural network in mice [1][3] - This breakthrough provides a new tool for understanding peripheral nerve regulation networks and disease mechanisms, addressing a long-standing challenge in neuroscience [1][3] Group 1: Technology Development - The innovative "blockface-VISoR" technology allows for the entire imaging of an adult mouse in just 40 hours, generating approximately 70TB of raw image data, which is equivalent to thousands of high-definition movies [3] - The efficiency of this technology is improved by several times to tens of times compared to existing methods, with a resolution upgrade from tissue-cell level to uniform subcellular level, enabling clear capture of single nerve fibers with diameters of a few micrometers [3] Group 2: Research Implications - The technology has revealed new structural features such as the cross-segment projection of thoracic spinal neurons and the complex pathways of the vagus nerve, allowing direct observation of the intricate connections within the entire neural network [3] - This advancement is expected to address fundamental questions in neurobiology, developmental biology, anatomy, and biomedicine, laying a solid structural foundation for the development of precise neural regulation therapies [3][4] Group 3: Future Applications - The technology can be utilized to identify early structural changes in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, clarifying the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases [4] - It also allows for the visualization of drug effects, including gene editing therapies, on targeted tissues and organs, potentially accelerating drug development processes [4] - The research team plans to continuously share their imaging data sets globally to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration in biomedicine [4]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes that effective management is rooted in understanding how the brain operates, rather than merely applying new efficiency methods or feedback frameworks [3][12]. Group 1: Neuroscience Methods for Management - Multitasking is a myth; prioritization is a superpower of the brain. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for focus and decision-making, is energy-intensive and sensitive to overload. Cognitive overload can impair performance, and managers should protect their teams from chaos to preserve mental energy [5][6]. - Creativity requires space. The brain's creativity engine thrives in relaxed, non-judgmental environments. Continuous pressure can stifle insight, so leaders should allocate "blank time" for reflection and mindfulness [7][8]. - Coaching can enhance neural plasticity and performance. Effective coaching conversations can reshape neural pathways, activating networks for learning and problem-solving [8][9]. - Motivation is linked to the brain's reward system. Dopamine spikes with progress and connection, but over-reliance on rankings and conditional rewards can diminish intrinsic motivation. Recognizing effort and linking tasks to meaningful goals can activate the reward network [10][11]. - High-performance environments are characterized by psychological safety, which fosters clear thinking and risk-taking. Leaders who cultivate trust and fairness can enhance creativity and collaboration [11][12].

Core Insights - A recent experiment at Tsinghua University involved students wearing portable brain-computer interface systems, known as EEG caps, to capture their brain activity while enjoying a live performance, aiming to decode their aesthetic experiences [1][2][4] - This research marks the first application of non-invasive brain-computer interface technology in a real performance setting in China, providing insights into the neural activity patterns during art appreciation [1][4] Group 1: Research Objectives and Methodology - The primary goal of the experiment is to explore the neural activity patterns associated with aesthetic experiences during live performances, enhancing the understanding of why live viewing is more impactful [2][4] - The EEG caps worn by students are equipped with silver electrodes to collect brain signals, which are transmitted wirelessly to a data center for analysis of physiological responses during artistic experiences [4] Group 2: Technological Context and Applications - Brain-computer interface technology is a cutting-edge human-machine interaction tool that captures and decodes brain signals, enabling communication between the brain and machines [2] - The technology has seen rapid development and application in China, including uses in disease diagnosis, safety monitoring in high-risk jobs, rehabilitation, and treatment of neurological disorders like Parkinson's and epilepsy [2]

Group 1 - The article discusses the controversial use of Brainwave Oscillation Signature (BEOS) technology in the Indian judicial system, highlighting its implications for justice and ethics [1][5][25] - BEOS technology, developed by Axxonet, is based on the theory of "brain fingerprints" and has been used in over 700 cases since its introduction in the early 2000s [6][7] - Critics argue that BEOS lacks scientific validation and relies on flawed methodologies, raising concerns about its reliability as evidence in court [4][19][25] Group 2 - The Indian National Forensic Science University (NFSU) promotes BEOS as a humane alternative to torture, despite ongoing scientific skepticism [4][9] - The technology's application has been linked to economic interests, with procurement and training creating a financial incentive for its use [9][10] - The Indian government has positioned BEOS as a symbol of modernizing the justice system, despite the absence of empirical support for its effectiveness [10][11] Group 3 - Ethical concerns arise from the potential for coerced consent and the violation of the right against self-incrimination, as seen in various cases where suspects were pressured to undergo BEOS testing [22][24] - The lack of transparency regarding BEOS algorithms and the proprietary nature of the technology hinder independent verification and accountability [5][25][26] - The article emphasizes the need for a balance between technological advancement and the protection of human rights within the judicial framework [24][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the emergence of a black market in education, where certain institutions exploit parental anxiety by promoting pseudoscientific concepts related to "whole brain development" and "neuroscience" for profit [2][3][4]. Group 1: Pseudoscientific Practices - Some educational institutions use outdated theories like "left and right brain division" to market their courses, employing gimmicks such as "blindfold reading" and "5-minute poetry memorization" to create myths [2][3]. - Claims that flashcard training can enable children to have photographic memory are unfounded, as they contradict basic cognitive principles [2][3]. - The notion of developing "super abilities" in children through these methods is fundamentally flawed and lacks scientific backing [3][4]. Group 2: Impact on Children - The mechanical stimulation from rapid flashcard sessions can harm the fragile cognitive systems of young children, rather than aiding their intellectual development [3]. - Excessive focus on rote memorization and abstract cognition deprives children of opportunities to engage with the world naturally, stifling their creativity and imagination [3][4]. - The pursuit of "superior intelligence" through these programs promotes a distorted value system that undermines genuine educational growth [3][4]. Group 3: Industry Dynamics - A complete black market chain exists, with unqualified teachers and counterfeit "international certification courses" being common [4]. - Educational tools, such as "brainwave headphones" and "smart storybooks," are sold at exorbitant prices despite their low production costs [4]. - Social media influencers contribute to this issue by promoting pseudoscience as replicable success formulas, exploiting parents' fears of missing critical developmental windows [4]. Group 4: Regulatory Recommendations - There is a need for systemic reforms to address these issues, including the establishment of a negative list for educational advertising to regulate false claims [4]. - Educational authorities should collaborate with research institutions to create guidelines that prohibit teaching methods that violate developmental principles [4]. - Parents must develop a rational understanding of cognitive development, recognizing that any training beyond a child's current capabilities poses significant risks [4][5]. Group 5: Reflection on Educational Values - The article emphasizes that the history of educational speculation shows that all unscientific educational myths will eventually collapse [5]. - It calls for a reevaluation of the belief in shortcuts to genius, advocating for a healthy educational evaluation system that respects individual growth [5].

Group 1: Industry Overview - Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is advancing rapidly due to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and sensing technologies [1] - The Sichuan Provincial Economic and Information Technology Department has launched a plan to develop BCI products, aiming to complete the R&D of 3 invasive and 5 non-invasive BCI products by 2027 [1] - The plan also targets to serve over 50,000 medical patients annually by 2027 and to establish Sichuan as a national leader in BCI and human-computer interaction by 2030 [1] Group 2: Non-Invasive BCI Applications - Non-invasive BCI technology is expected to significantly improve the early diagnosis and treatment efficiency of Alzheimer's disease [2] - The technology aims to manage chronic diseases in the elderly through early screening and outpatient rehabilitation [2] - A project named "Swan Lake" has been developed for community-based early screening and non-drug interventions for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [2][3] Group 3: Research Findings - Research involving over 3,000 elderly participants has shown that MCI patients exhibit abnormal frequency bands and network patterns [3] - Non-invasive BCI screening can achieve over 90% sensitivity using just 4 electrodes in a 5-10 minute test, enhancing the efficiency of MCI screening [3] - Non-invasive BCI techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) are being explored for outpatient rehabilitation of MCI [3] Group 4: Invasive BCI Innovations - Invasive BCI technology has achieved a breakthrough in the surgical treatment of gliomas, marking a significant advancement in neurosurgery [5][6] - The technology allows for real-time analysis of brain signals to differentiate tumor tissue from normal brain tissue, improving tumor resection rates [6] - The first successful application of invasive BCI technology for glioma surgery in China has been reported, showcasing its potential to enhance surgical outcomes [6][7] Group 5: Future Prospects - Invasive BCI technology not only maximizes safe tumor removal but also predicts tumor recurrence, potentially extending patient survival [7] - The industry is awaiting the development of mature products and technologies that could lead to transformative changes in medical practices [7]

2025.04. 12 本文字数：851，阅读时长大约1分钟 作者 | 第一财经 钱童心 郭爱克院士治丧工作小组发布讣告称，中国科学院院士、国际著名神经科学家和生物物理学家、中国 科学院大学教授郭爱克因病医治无效，于2025年4月10日14时18分在浙江杭州逝世，享年85岁。 中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心方面向第一财经记者表示，郭爱克近日在桐乡参加学术会 议期间，突然在浴室晕倒，在送往杭州浙大二院后，因心脏骤停救治无效去世。 学界对此感到震惊和悲痛。中国科学院神经所一位郭爱克生前的同事对第一财经记者表示："郭院士 人特别好，对于学术会议的邀请也总是有求必应。" 郭爱克曾先后在中国科学院生物物理研究所、中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心等机构工 作。他长期致力于神经科学前沿探索，在学习记忆、注意抉择及神经计算与控制等脑认知领域取得了 一系列原创性成果。 郭爱克还引领了在"基因-脑-行为"框架下系统解析智力本质的研究，推动了空间亚磁环境影响脑认知 功能的探索，促进了我国神经行为学、集群仿生学和微观神经联结组等多项智能交叉领域的布局与建 设。 2020年至2025年，郭爱克受聘上海大学脑-智科学院士工 ...