Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the first autumn-winter joint scientific expedition in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, focusing on the deployment of various types of buoys to study the interactions between sea ice, ocean currents, and waves. Group 1: Scientific Objectives - The buoys deployed are designed to measure the acceleration and movement of ice, as well as the relationship between ice and waves, with the aim of studying the atmospheric and oceanic processes affecting ice formation throughout the winter [3][5]. - The new type of lotus leaf ice buoy is being deployed for the first time, intended to collect data on the different stages of ice development throughout the season, particularly during the ice growth season [10]. Group 2: Types of Buoys Deployed - Five types of buoys are being deployed, including surface drift buoys, ice-drifting buoys, and wave-ice buoys, which will monitor surface water flow rates, ice movement, and interactions with waves [12][14]. - The lotus leaf ice buoy will provide positional information and will be tracked via satellite to understand the dynamics of ice development [10]. Group 3: Environmental Impact - Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance by reflecting solar radiation back into space, which helps mitigate warming in polar regions [14]. - Sea ice acts as a natural barrier between the atmosphere and ocean, regulating heat exchange and influencing ocean circulation and the global climate system [14].