来源：环球时报 这十年来，"雪鹰601"已累计作业1100余天，安全飞行超2500小时，总航程达80万公里，相当于绕地球 赤道20圈。这不仅是令人印象深刻的飞行记录，更是"雪鹰601"在地球上最恶劣环境中的可靠性证明。 极地飞机必须应对极端寒冷、空气密度低、缺乏视觉引导、跑道难以兼容等难题，每次起飞和着陆都是 一次实地测试。 "雪鹰601"不仅是一架货机，更是一种飞行科学工具。"雪鹰601"要负责运送货物、燃料、科学仪器和人 员，这足以证明其存在价值，但它的意义更在于成为科研平台。 2017年1月，"雪鹰601"在海拔4000多米的昆仑站成功降落，这是一项科技壮举，为中国在南极的定期行 动铺平了道路。2023年，"雪鹰601"首次在格罗夫山区域起降，为南极大陆的紧急救援开辟一条新走 廊。通过机载科研仪器，"雪鹰601"可远距离观测冰层，如今已收集超过20万公里的科学观测数据，覆 盖东南极关键地区。这些数据有助于绘制高精度冰下地形图，更好地了解冰下地质结构。 "雪鹰601"如今已成为国际科学合作的纽带工具。中国积极参与南极冰盖航空科学调查计划，与挪威、 澳大利亚等国合作开展观测，将航空技术经验转化为标准，为极地 ...

Group 1 - The first polar fixed-wing aircraft in China, "Xueying 601," has officially been in service for 10 years, accumulating over 2,500 flight hours and covering a distance of approximately 800,000 kilometers, equivalent to circling the equator 20 times [2] - Over the past decade, the tasks undertaken by "Xueying 601" have expanded from simple transportation to include aviation scientific investigations, international cooperation, and emergency rescue, highlighting a significant transformation in China's polar aviation support capabilities [2]

Core Points - The introduction of China's first polar fixed-wing aircraft, "Xueying 601," marks the beginning of the "aviation era" for China's polar exploration [2] - Over the past decade, "Xueying 601" has expanded its mission from simple transportation to include aviation scientific investigations, international cooperation, and emergency rescue, accumulating over 2,500 flight hours and covering approximately 800,000 kilometers [4] - The integration of "Xueying 601" with the "Xuelong" series of research vessels has established a comprehensive navigation support system that includes coordination, communication, and meteorology, providing a practical "Chinese solution" for Antarctic aviation governance [6]

Core Insights - The "Snow Eagle 601" aircraft has successfully completed its 10-year journey, accumulating over 2500 flight hours and covering approximately 800,000 kilometers, equivalent to circling the Earth 20 times, marking significant contributions to China's polar exploration [2][4]. Group 1: Milestones and Achievements - The "Snow Eagle 601" was officially introduced on November 30, 2015, marking the beginning of China's aviation era in polar exploration [3][4]. - The aircraft has transitioned from a single transportation role to a multifaceted platform for scientific investigation, international cooperation, and emergency rescue over the past decade [8][12]. - It has successfully completed over 100 safe takeoffs and landings at the newly established Zhongshan Ice and Snow Airport, which began operations in March 2023 [4][12]. Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The aircraft serves as a powerful "aerial laboratory," equipped with ice radar and other scientific instruments, enabling it to conduct extensive scientific observations, including mapping the subglacial topography of the Princess Elizabeth Land [10][12]. - "Snow Eagle 601" has completed over 20,000 kilometers of scientific observation flights, contributing vital data for research on ice stability, sea-level changes, and ancient climate [10][12]. Group 3: International Collaboration - Over the past decade, "Snow Eagle 601" has participated in multiple international rescue missions and collaborated with countries like Australia, the United States, and Norway for aerial surveys [12][14]. - Since the 41st Antarctic expedition, China has taken the initiative to share airspace information with neighboring countries, enhancing international cooperation in Antarctic aviation governance [14].

Core Viewpoint - The successful operation of China's polar fixed-wing aircraft "Snow Eagle 601" over the past decade marks a significant advancement in China's polar exploration capabilities, transitioning from reliance on foreign support to achieving autonomous operational capabilities in Antarctica [2][3][5]. Group 1: Milestones and Achievements - "Snow Eagle 601" has completed over 2,500 flight hours and approximately 800,000 kilometers, equivalent to circling the Earth's equator 20 times, showcasing China's contributions to polar exploration [2]. - The aircraft was officially inducted into service on November 30, 2015, marking the beginning of the "aviation era" in China's polar research [3]. - The establishment of the first sled-style snow runway airport in Antarctica, operational since March 11, 2023, has enabled nearly 100 safe takeoffs and landings for "Snow Eagle 601" [3]. Group 2: Scientific Contributions - "Snow Eagle 601" serves as a powerful airborne experimental platform, equipped with ice radar and other scientific instruments, enabling it to conduct extensive scientific observations [7]. - The aircraft has completed over 200,000 kilometers of scientific observation flights, leading to significant discoveries, including detailed subglacial topographic maps and the identification of subglacial lakes [7]. - The aircraft successfully fulfilled the first phase of the "Circumpolar Ice Edge Detection Program," filling critical data gaps along the Antarctic coastline [7]. Group 3: International Cooperation - Over the past decade, "Snow Eagle 601" has participated in multiple international rescue missions and collaborated with countries like Australia, the U.S., and Norway for aerial surveys [9]. - Since the 41st Antarctic expedition, China has taken the initiative to share air navigation information with neighboring countries, enhancing airspace management and coordination [12]. - The integration of "Snow Eagle 601" with the "Snow Dragon" series of research vessels has established a comprehensive navigation support system for Antarctic aviation governance [12].

Core Viewpoint - China's 42nd Antarctic expedition signifies the nation's commitment to advancing its capabilities in polar research and exploration, reflecting its determination to face challenges in extreme environments [1][2]. Group 1: Development of Antarctic Research - China's Antarctic research has evolved from establishing basic facilities to developing modern, modular, and environmentally friendly research stations, showcasing rapid progress over the past 40 years [2]. - The establishment of research stations such as Great Wall, Zhongshan, Kunlun, and others symbolizes China's growing presence and confidence in polar exploration [3]. Group 2: National Pride and Spirit - The Antarctic research efforts embody the spirit of perseverance and innovation, with generations of researchers contributing to the construction and stability of China's Antarctic stations [3]. - The red flag of China flying in the Antarctic represents the nation's ambition and determination to conquer and transform nature [3]. Group 3: International Cooperation and Responsibility - China actively participates in international initiatives for peaceful use of Antarctica, sharing critical data on the Antarctic ice cap and promoting collaborative marine ecological monitoring [4]. - The establishment of the Qinling Station serves as a platform for international cooperation, reinforcing China's role as a proactive contributor to global scientific endeavors in Antarctica [4].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese 41st Antarctic Expedition Team has successfully conducted its first autumn-winter voyage in the Ross Sea, focusing on ice research and yielding preliminary findings in marine biology and chemistry [1][7][17]. Group 1: Expedition Overview - The "Snow Dragon 2" icebreaker returned to China after completing its mission in the Ross Sea, where the team explored various forms of sea ice and their significance [1][2]. - The expedition provided a rare opportunity to observe the entire formation process of sea ice, which is typically difficult to encounter in previous Antarctic studies [4][6]. Group 2: Scientific Discoveries - The team conducted research across 24 selected stations, exceeding the initial plan of 18, covering shallow areas, ice-interstitial lakes, and rich krill resource zones [8][15]. - Significant findings include a decrease in the biomass of certain marine species, particularly the absence of brown algae and a decline in diatom populations, indicating potential ecological shifts [10][12]. - The discovery of a large number of zooplankton in deep water layers suggests changes in their distribution due to deep convection processes [12][13]. Group 3: Implications and Contributions - The expedition not only advanced scientific knowledge but also improved operational processes for Antarctic autumn oceanic work, enhancing the capabilities of the research team [15][17]. - The results contribute to a better understanding of the Antarctic ecosystem and fill gaps in field observations and experiments, aiding in the global understanding of climate change impacts [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the first autumn-winter joint scientific expedition in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, focusing on the deployment of various types of buoys to study the interactions between sea ice, ocean currents, and waves. Group 1: Scientific Objectives - The buoys deployed are designed to measure the acceleration and movement of ice, as well as the relationship between ice and waves, with the aim of studying the atmospheric and oceanic processes affecting ice formation throughout the winter [3][5]. - The new type of lotus leaf ice buoy is being deployed for the first time, intended to collect data on the different stages of ice development throughout the season, particularly during the ice growth season [10]. Group 2: Types of Buoys Deployed - Five types of buoys are being deployed, including surface drift buoys, ice-drifting buoys, and wave-ice buoys, which will monitor surface water flow rates, ice movement, and interactions with waves [12][14]. - The lotus leaf ice buoy will provide positional information and will be tracked via satellite to understand the dynamics of ice development [10]. Group 3: Environmental Impact - Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy balance by reflecting solar radiation back into space, which helps mitigate warming in polar regions [14]. - Sea ice acts as a natural barrier between the atmosphere and ocean, regulating heat exchange and influencing ocean circulation and the global climate system [14].