Core Viewpoint - China has become a significant player in the global currency printing industry, providing services to over ten countries, leveraging its advanced printing technology and competitive pricing [1][10][38]. Group 1: Currency Printing Services - China offers two main types of currency printing services: humanitarian aid and commercial cooperation [1][5]. - The first humanitarian aid printing was for Vietnam in 1950, with subsequent printings totaling four series of Vietnamese Dong [3][5]. - The commercial aspect began in the 21st century, with China winning its first international printing contract for Nepal in 2015, printing 210 million new banknotes [5][7]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - China's currency printing technology has advanced significantly, with innovations such as the gravure printing technique and security thread technology [35][38]. - The gravure printing technique allows for high precision and difficulty in counterfeiting, while the security thread provides both aesthetic and anti-counterfeiting features [36][38]. - China has developed the world's first gravure printing machine capable of double-sided printing, enhancing production efficiency [36]. Group 3: Competitive Advantages - China's printing costs are 30% to 50% lower than those of Western companies, making it an attractive option for countries with limited budgets [38]. - For instance, China printed banknotes for Nepal at a cost of 2.15 Nepali Rupees per note, compared to 2.69 Rupees charged by other companies, saving Nepal approximately $3 million [38]. - The Chinese printing company has evolved from merely printing for others to exporting materials and equipment, showcasing a comprehensive industrial chain output [38].