Core Viewpoint - The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 was awarded to three scientists in the field of quantum mechanics: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis, for their discoveries related to macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization phenomena in circuits [1]. Group 1: John Clarke - John Clarke's research focuses on superconductivity and superconducting electronics, particularly in low-temperature physics [4]. - He is best known for inventing and improving the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), which is a highly sensitive flux-to-voltage converter used in various fields such as condensed matter physics and medical physics [4]. - Clarke was born in 1942 in Cambridge, UK, and has received numerous awards, including the Fritz London Prize for his contributions to low-temperature physics [7][11]. Group 2: Michel H. Devoret - Michel H. Devoret is recognized as one of the founders of "quantum electronics," focusing on the quantum behavior of electronic systems at the mesoscopic scale [16]. - He has made significant contributions to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of quantum non-equilibrium physics in superconducting circuits, laying a solid foundation for quantum technology [18]. - Devoret has received several prestigious awards, including the 2024 Comstock Prize in Physics and the 2022 Micius Quantum Prize [19]. Group 3: John M. Martinis - John M. Martinis's core contribution to the Nobel Prize was his research on the quantum behavior of the phase difference in Josephson junctions, demonstrating that macroscopic circuit systems can exhibit quantum tunneling and energy level discretization [20]. - He played a pivotal role in achieving "quantum supremacy" with a 53-qubit processor, surpassing the computational power of the world's strongest classical supercomputer [24]. - Martinis has held various prestigious positions, including serving as the Chief Scientist for Quantum Hardware at Google's Quantum AI Lab, and has co-founded companies focused on practical quantum computing [26][28].