此外，超表面由氮化硅和二氧化钛制成，可承受超过2000瓦/平方毫米的激光强度，约为地表太阳光的 100万倍，这为大规模俘获原子提供了条件。 实验中，团队构建了多种高度均匀的二维原子阵列，还制备了一块直径3.5毫米，包含超过1亿个像素的 超表面，可生成600×600阵列，总计36万个光镊，规模比现有技术提升两个数量级。 该技术不仅有望推动大规模量子计算发展，还可应用于量子模拟和高精度光学原子钟等中性原子量子技 术。 （文章来源：科技日报） 中性原子阵列是构建量子计算机的新兴平台。研究团队在实验中俘获1000个锶原子，并验证该方法可在 原理上扩展至10万个以上，这些原子未来或可作为量子比特使用。 原子在量子计算中具有天然优势，可稳定呈现量子叠加和纠缠等特性，且彼此完全一致，无需像固态量 子比特那样校准与同步。但难点在于如何实现大规模精确操控。 过去十多年，科学家通常利用空间光调制器或声光偏转器生成光镊阵列。单个光镊是一束高度聚焦的激 光，可将单个原子固定在焦点上，阵列则由许多光镊组成，但设备复杂、体积庞大，限制了阵列规模。 此次研究中，超表面像素尺寸小于200纳米，远低于所操控的520纳米激光波长，可在无需额外光 ...

Core Insights - Harvard University researchers have developed a new optical device called "metasurface" that can perform complex quantum operations on a single plane, addressing scalability issues in photon quantum information processing [1][2] - The metasurface integrates multiple traditional optical component functions, potentially revolutionizing quantum computing and quantum communication at room temperature [1][2] Group 1: Metasurface Technology - The metasurface is a nanometer-thick optical element with micro-nano structures smaller than the wavelength of light, allowing precise control over light's phase and polarization [2] - This technology condenses complex quantum optical systems into a miniaturized platform, significantly enhancing system stability and interference resistance [2] Group 2: Design and Production - The research team utilized graph theory to model multi-photon interference paths, translating these abstract graphs into actual nanoscale structures on the metasurface [2] - This method closely links metasurface design with quantum optical states, providing a systematic approach for constructing specific quantum state devices [2] - The integrated design of the device greatly reduces optical loss, which is crucial for maintaining quantum information integrity [2] - The device can be mass-produced using existing semiconductor manufacturing processes, indicating potential for low-cost and replicable production models [2] Group 3: Broader Applications - The potential applications of this technology extend beyond quantum computing, with prospects for advancements in quantum sensing and fundamental research, offering new tools akin to "chip laboratories" [2]