【环球时报综合报道】在国外旅行的时候，你有没有遇到过这样的情况：一眼看到"白菜价"的机票，付 款时显示的价格却可能翻一番，原来是托运行李、选座等服务都需要额外支付不菲的费用。据英国《泰 晤士报》26日报道，优先登机、携带大件行李登机、选座这类航空"额外服务"，为航空公司带来了丰厚 利润，如今正成为其营收支柱。 航空公司称，仅向乘客收取其实际所需服务的费用，有助于降低机票平均价格，不选择"额外服务"的乘 客，就能以更低的票价出行。现实也确实如此，以瑞安航空为例，其2025年的平均票价甚至比2015年下 降了1欧元。 航空"额外服务"的出现，最早可追溯到近20年前。英国廉价航空公司（廉航）瑞安航空从2006年开始对 托运行李收取额外费用，但乘客可通过仅携带机上手提行李的方式规避该费用。行业的转变发生在2018 年，瑞安航空开始对机上"大型"行李收费，乘客只可以免费携带一个手提包大小的"小型个人物品"。航 空公司工作人员会在登机口严格检查行李尺寸，若行李超标，乘客需补缴费用。英国三大廉航中的另外 两个——易捷航空和维兹航空，也紧随其后推出相似规定。如今，"额外服务"已成为廉航营收的重要组 成部分：瑞安航空的该项收入 ...

Core Viewpoint - China National Airlines reported a significant reduction in losses for 2024, with a net loss of 237 million yuan, a decrease of 77.32% year-on-year, attributed to the accelerated recovery of the civil aviation market and effective cost control measures [1] Financial Performance - The company achieved an operating revenue of 166.699 billion yuan, representing an 18.14% year-on-year increase [1] - Operating costs rose by 18.04% to 158.189 billion yuan, but this was a significant improvement compared to a 61.83% increase in 2023 [1] - The unit cost per seat kilometer decreased by 3.03% to 0.44 yuan, while the overall gross profit margin improved from 5.02% in 2023 to 5.1% in 2024 [1] Operational Metrics - Total transport turnover increased by 32.77%, and passenger numbers rose by 23.8%, with a passenger load factor of 79.85%, up 6.63 percentage points [2] - Fuel costs increased by 14.97% to 53.72 billion yuan, but the growth rate was significantly lower than the 105.27% increase in 2023 [2] - Airline catering costs rose by 38.74% to 4.166 billion yuan, with per capita meal costs increasing from 24 yuan in 2023 to 26.88 yuan in 2024, primarily due to the increase in passenger numbers [2] Subsidiary Performance - Among the nine subsidiaries disclosed, only three reported profits: Ameco (4.01 million yuan), AVIC Finance (0.54 million yuan), and Cathay Pacific (8.801 billion yuan) [3] - Shenzhen Airlines, in which China National Airlines holds a 51% stake, reported the highest loss at 2.813 billion yuan [3] - The financial performance of other subsidiaries varied, with some experiencing significant losses, such as Dalian Airlines, which reported a loss of 34.9 million yuan [4]