1月9日看到消息，说稀土出口出问题了。明明上面管得严，2025年开始对高端钕铁硼磁材实施出口许可，结果还是有人绕开监管，把东西往西方 送。这些可不是普通材料，电动车、风力发电机要用，导弹、战机也离不开。中国掌握全球九成以上的精炼能力，这本来是咱的硬牌，但现在有 人自己拆自己墙。 可能有人不清楚，中国的稀土优势从不是单靠资源储量，而是实打实的技术和产业链积累。全球稀土矿不少国家都有，但精炼加工环节特别考验 技术，要把矿石里的稀土元素精准分离提纯，还要做成高性能磁材，这门技术咱们花了几十年才吃透，才坐稳了全球九成以上精炼能力的位置。 这份优势是咱们的底气，既能支撑国内新能源、高端制造发展，也是国际竞争里的重要筹码，可如今却被部分企业当成了牟利工具，硬生生给对 手递刀子。 这种违规出口的危害，远比表面看到的更深远。短期看企业赚了快钱，长期却是在透支国家的战略安全。欧美靠着这些灰色渠道的磁材，既能维 持军工和高端产业的正常运转，又不用着急投入巨资研发自己的精炼技术，等于咱们在帮他们争取技术追赶的时间。而国内的高端钕铁硼本就稀 缺，大量外流不仅可能影响咱们自身新能源、航空航天等产业的发展，还会慢慢削弱咱们在稀土领域的话 ...

Core Viewpoint - The global competition for rare earth elements is intensifying, with China facing challenges to maintain its technological dominance in the industry [1][10]. Group 1: China's Position and Actions - In July 2025, China's Ministry of Commerce launched a special operation against rare earth smuggling, marking the beginning of a reshuffle in the global rare earth industry [1]. - China holds a significant technological monopoly in rare earth refining, with 88% of global refining technology and 94% of high-end magnetic materials [7]. - The recent special operation aims to cut off the "curved blood transfusion" route used by the U.S. to import Chinese rare earths through third countries [9]. Group 2: U.S. Strategy and Challenges - The U.S. has imposed strict sanctions on Chinese rare earths while simultaneously relying on them for its military supply chain stability [5]. - Despite having domestic mines and partnerships with Australia, the U.S. still heavily depends on Chinese technology for refining [7]. - The U.S. Department of Defense invested $1.3 billion to support domestic rare earth companies, but the yield of trial products was below 20% due to various constraints [7]. Group 3: Global Competition and Future Outlook - Other countries, such as India and Australia, are also entering the rare earth competition, with India aiming for over 50% self-sufficiency in rare earth oxides within three years [9]. - Industry experts believe that merely increasing funding will not allow these countries to catch up with China's lead in rare earth refining in the short term [9]. - The ultimate competition will focus on mastering core technologies for high-performance rare earth materials, making simple export bans insignificant [9][10].