Quantitative Models and Construction Quantitative Factors and Construction Process - **Factor Name**: Large Buy and Sell Factor **Construction Idea**: Reflects the market's active trading behavior and short-term price movement prediction[8][86][88] **Construction Process**: 1. Define "large orders" as transactions exceeding the rolling average by 1 standard deviation[8] 2. Calculate net buy amount as the difference between large buy and large sell orders[8] 3. Analyze the factor under three scenarios: full trading session, excluding the last 30 minutes, and only the first 30 minutes of trading[8] **Evaluation**: Strong short-term positive correlation with index returns due to momentum effects, but reverses over longer periods due to mean reversion[13][87][88] - **Factor Name**: Small Buy and Large Sell Factor **Construction Idea**: Captures the behavior of smaller investors and their impact on short-term market trends[8][86][88] **Construction Process**: 1. Define "large orders" as transactions exceeding the rolling average by 1 standard deviation[8] 2. Calculate the net buy amount for small buy and large sell orders[8] 3. Analyze the factor under three scenarios: full trading session, excluding the last 30 minutes, and only the first 30 minutes of trading[8] **Evaluation**: Strong short-term positive correlation with index returns due to momentum effects, but reverses over longer periods due to mean reversion[13][87][88] - **Factor Name**: Large Net Buy Factor **Construction Idea**: Represents the influence of large-scale net buying on market trends[8][86][88] **Construction Process**: 1. Define "large orders" as transactions exceeding the rolling average by 1 standard deviation[8] 2. Calculate net buy amount as the difference between large buy and large sell orders[8] 3. Analyze the factor under three scenarios: full trading session, excluding the last 30 minutes, and only the first 30 minutes of trading[8] **Evaluation**: Weak short-term negative correlation with index returns due to overbuying effects, but positive correlation over longer periods due to market support from large capital inflows[13][87][88] Optimal Parameters for Factors - **Large Buy and Sell Factor**: Optimal parameters are MA10-MA40 and MA10-MA60 for short-term and medium-term trends[9][32][88] - **Small Buy and Large Sell Factor**: Optimal parameters are MA5-MA20 and MA10-MA40 for short-term and medium-term trends[9][32][88] - **Large Net Buy Factor**: Optimal parameters are MA10-MA20 and MA10-MA40 for medium-term trends[9][32][88] --- Backtesting Results of Factors Single Factor Performance - **Large Buy and Sell Factor**: - **HS300**: Annualized return 12.2%-12.5%, Sharpe ratio 0.82-0.84, max drawdown -27.7%[36][38] - **CSI500**: Annualized return 10.6%, Sharpe ratio 0.60, max drawdown -32.0%[45] - **CSI1000**: Annualized return 11.4%, Sharpe ratio 0.64, max drawdown -45.0%[53] - **Small Buy and Large Sell Factor**: - **HS300**: Annualized return 12.5%, Sharpe ratio 0.84-0.85, max drawdown -24.4%[36][38] - **CSI500**: Annualized return 11.8%, Sharpe ratio 0.66, max drawdown -37.7%[45] - **CSI1000**: Annualized return 12.7%, Sharpe ratio 0.71, max drawdown -42.7%[53] - **Large Net Buy Factor**: - **HS300**: Annualized return 5.0%, Sharpe ratio 0.23, max drawdown -46.7%[36] - **CSI500**: Annualized return 6.8%, Sharpe ratio 0.27, max drawdown -65.2%[45] - **CSI1000**: Annualized return 5.1%, Sharpe ratio 0.22, max drawdown -57.9%[53] Composite Strategy Performance - **HS300**: - Aggressive long strategy: Annualized return 11.3%, Sharpe ratio 0.84, max drawdown -23.5%[64][66] - Conservative long strategy: Annualized return 10.1%, Sharpe ratio 0.85, max drawdown -29.9%[64][66] - Aggressive long-short strategy: Annualized return 17.2%, Sharpe ratio 0.84, max drawdown -32.1%[64][66] - Conservative long-short strategy: Annualized return 15.1%, Sharpe ratio 0.82, max drawdown -32.5%[64][66] - **CSI500**: - Aggressive long strategy: Annualized return 13.5%, Sharpe ratio 0.81, max drawdown -33.5%[69][72] - Conservative long strategy: Annualized return 16.1%, Sharpe ratio 1.21, max drawdown -15.0%[69][72] - Aggressive long-short strategy: Annualized return 16.1%, Sharpe ratio 0.69, max drawdown -53.3%[69][72] - Conservative long-short strategy: Annualized return 17.6%, Sharpe ratio 0.86, max drawdown -27.8%[69][72] - **CSI1000**: - Aggressive long strategy: Annualized return 12.1%, Sharpe ratio 0.65, max drawdown -50.3%[79][81] - Conservative long strategy: Annualized return 19.7%, Sharpe ratio 1.28, max drawdown -18.1%[79][81] - Aggressive long-short strategy: Annualized return 26.9%, Sharpe ratio 1.03, max drawdown -52.4%[79][81] - Conservative long-short strategy: Annualized return 28.5%, Sharpe ratio 1.25, max drawdown -38.8%[79][81] Annual Performance of Composite Strategies - **HS300**: Annual win rate exceeds 60%, with stable returns even during market downturns[66][67][70] - **CSI500**: Average annual win rate of 56%, higher elasticity compared to HS300, suitable for risk-tolerant strategies[75][76][77] - **CSI1000**: Annual win rate exceeds 70%, with the highest stability among all indices, especially for conservative strategies[82][83][84] --- Key Observations - Large Buy and Sell Factor and Small Buy and Large Sell Factor exhibit strong short-term positive correlation with index returns, while Large Net Buy Factor shows weak short-term negative correlation but positive long-term correlation[10][13][87] - Optimal parameters for high-frequency factors are concentrated in short-term (MA5, MA10) and medium-term (MA20, MA40) moving average distances[9][32][88] - Composite strategies outperform single-factor strategies in terms of stability and risk-adjusted returns, especially on indices with higher volatility like CSI500 and CSI1000[64][72][81] - Conservative strategies are more suitable for volatile indices, while aggressive strategies yield higher win rates on stable indices like HS300[85][89]