Core Viewpoint - A new short-course preventive treatment for tuberculosis (TB) has been developed in China, potentially reducing the treatment duration from three months to one month, which may enhance patient compliance and reduce side effects [1][2][5]. Group 1: Research Background - The study was initiated by Professor Zhang Wenhong's team and published in the journal Emerging Microbes & Infections, focusing on a novel short-course regimen (1H3P3) for TB prevention in silicosis patients [2][3]. - Traditional preventive treatment options in China include 6-9 months of isoniazid monotherapy, 4 months of rifampicin monotherapy, and the 3-month isoniazid and rifapentine combination (3HP) [3][4]. Group 2: Efficacy and Safety of 1H3P3 - The 1H3P3 regimen consists of rifapentine (450mg) and isoniazid (400mg) administered three times a week for four weeks, aiming to lower drug dosage per administration and improve treatment adherence [5][6]. - In a study involving 238 participants, only 2.5% were diagnosed with active TB after three years, indicating a 74% reduction in TB incidence compared to the control group [6][7]. - The safety profile of the 1H3P3 regimen showed that 27.4% experienced adverse events, mostly mild, with only 0.4% experiencing severe adverse events [6][8]. Group 3: Implications for High-Risk Populations - The study primarily focused on silicosis patients, a high-risk group for TB, and the findings suggest that the 1H3P3 regimen could be effective in other high-risk populations [9]. - Future research aims to expand the application of the 1H3P3 regimen to broader high-risk groups, including close contacts of TB patients, and to gather more clinical data to support its safety and efficacy [9].

Core Viewpoint - A new short-course preventive treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in China, known as the 1H3P3 regimen, shows promise in reducing treatment duration and side effects compared to the WHO-recommended 3HP regimen, potentially improving patient adherence and outcomes [1][4][5]. Group 1: Research Background - The study was initiated by Professor Zhang Wenhong's team and published in the journal Emerging Microbes & Infections, focusing on the efficacy and safety of the 1H3P3 regimen for TB prevention in silicosis patients [2]. - Traditional TB preventive treatments have long durations and significant side effects, leading to poor patient compliance, which affects their effectiveness and coverage [1][3]. Group 2: Treatment Comparison - The WHO recommends several treatment regimens, including a 6-9 month isoniazid monotherapy and a 3-month isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP) regimen, but the latter has shown higher adverse reaction rates in Chinese populations [3][4]. - The 1H3P3 regimen consists of rifapentine (450mg) and isoniazid (400mg) administered three times a week for four weeks, aiming to reduce single-dose side effects and improve adherence [4][5]. Group 3: Study Results - The study included 238 participants, with only 2.5% diagnosed with active TB after three years, indicating a significant reduction in TB incidence compared to the 3HP regimen [5][6]. - The 1H3P3 regimen demonstrated a 74% reduction in the risk of developing active TB, with a treatment completion rate of 92%, significantly higher than the 54.7% completion rate for the 3HP regimen [6][7]. Group 4: Future Directions - The research team plans to conduct further studies on the 1H3P3 regimen in broader high-risk populations, including close contacts of TB patients, and aims to develop a combination formulation to simplify treatment [7][8]. - There is a need for increased government investment and collaboration across sectors to enhance public awareness and acceptance of TB preventive treatments [8].