Summary of Conference Call on AI Data Center Power Supply Industry Overview - The AI data center power supply and distribution sector is undergoing significant transformation, with traditional low-voltage systems unable to meet the demands of high-power density GPU servers, which have exceeded 130 kW and are expected to rise to 400-500 kW in the next three years [1][2][5]. Key Points and Arguments - **Transition to 800V HVDC**: NVIDIA has proposed a two-wire 800V HVDC system as the future direction for power supply, with a transition path towards Solid State Transformers (SST) [1][2][4]. - **Current Upgrades and New Builds**: Existing data centers can upgrade by adding low-voltage rectifiers to convert outputs to 800V HVDC, while new data centers should directly adopt 480V to 800V HVDC systems [5][6]. - **SST as the Ultimate Solution**: SST is viewed as the ultimate integration method for power supply and distribution, expected to enter the market by the end of 2027, optimizing size, weight, and efficiency [1][8][15]. - **Efficiency Improvements**: The transition to 800V aims to enhance system efficiency, reduce size, and accommodate peak current demands from AI workloads [1][9][11]. - **Power Supply Unit (PSU) Design Changes**: NVIDIA suggests transitioning PSU designs from 54V to 800V to lower costs and heat dissipation needs [11][16]. Additional Important Insights - **High Power Density Requirements**: The demand for high power density in AI training necessitates two-level compensation systems, with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) providing long-term support and supercapacitors addressing short-term peak loads [3][18]. - **Challenges with Current Systems**: Existing low-voltage UPS systems face significant transmission losses and cannot meet high power density requirements, prompting the need for new technologies [5][6][26]. - **Market Dynamics**: The industry is moving towards a more integrated approach, with companies needing to adapt to higher voltage levels and the transition from AC to DC systems [26]. - **Certification Requirements**: Data center power equipment must pass customer-specific certifications, even if they have NVIDIA's certification, indicating a complex certification landscape [25]. Future Trends - **Emergence of Central Rectifiers**: Central rectifier technology is expected to be implemented before SST, although specific technical details are still pending [13][14]. - **Development of 800V DC-DC Modules**: Suppliers are currently developing 800V to 54V DC-DC modules, with some manufacturers already in the sampling phase [17][18]. - **Role of BESS**: BESS systems are being utilized for large-scale energy storage, providing grid-level support rather than device-level, particularly in North American data centers [19][20]. This summary encapsulates the critical developments and future directions in the AI data center power supply industry, highlighting the shift towards higher voltage systems and the integration of advanced technologies to meet evolving demands.