CFEDR(中国聚变工程示范堆)

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解码可控核聚变 | 专访合肥综合性国家科学研究中心孔德峰:未来电费降至足够低时,工厂有望代替农田产粮
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-06-06 10:33
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential of controlled nuclear fusion as a revolutionary energy source, highlighting its ability to provide near-zero cost and unlimited energy, which could significantly transform human civilization [1][4]. Group 1: Research and Development - The research on controlled nuclear fusion has been ongoing for over 70 years, with significant advancements in plasma temperature, reaching 160 million degrees Celsius [4][8]. - The key challenge remains to improve plasma density and energy confinement time, which are essential for achieving sustainable fusion reactions [8][9]. - The EAST device has successfully maintained plasma at 100 million degrees for over 1000 seconds, while the Chinese Circulator 3 has reported experimental results of electron and ion temperatures reaching 200 million degrees [8][12]. Group 2: Technological Challenges - Achieving controlled nuclear fusion requires solving the issues of tritium self-sufficiency, as tritium is scarce and expensive to extract [4][12]. - The concept of a "magnetic cage" is crucial for increasing the collision frequency of deuterium and tritium particles, which is necessary for fusion [4][9]. - Current methods of fuel injection into the plasma are inefficient, with only a small fraction of injected tritium participating in the reaction, leading to challenges in maintaining a self-sustaining cycle [20]. Group 3: Future Prospects - The BEST project, set to be completed by 2027, aims to be the world's first experimental device for stable deuterium-tritium burning, marking a significant step towards commercialization [12][15]. - The commercialization of controlled nuclear fusion is expected to drastically reduce energy costs, potentially transforming agriculture and addressing environmental issues like desertification through affordable desalination [23][25]. - The timeline for large-scale commercialization is uncertain, with estimates suggesting that significant breakthroughs may not occur until after 2030 [15][24].