Core Insights - The article discusses a new design framework for robotic hands called "Open Parametric Hand" (OPH), which allows for customizable hand shapes based on task requirements rather than attempting to replicate human hands [1][3][20] Group 1: Design and Manufacturing - OPH utilizes 56 adjustable parameters to create various hand shapes, from human-like to entirely novel designs, such as a double-thumbed hand [1][3] - The manufacturing process is simplified, allowing the entire hand structure to be 3D printed in a single piece using common polypropylene material, taking only 6-9 hours from design to completion [4][5] - The control system is also simplified, requiring only 1-2 degrees of freedom, enabling diverse actions through collaborative control and elastic actuators [9][11] Group 2: Functionality and Performance - The design allows for a passive stiffness variation of up to 660% by changing tendon configurations, with a further 400% adjustment possible through parameterization [13] - The robotic hand can perform tasks such as lifting weights up to 8 kilograms and writing, showcasing its versatility [17] - Different hand shapes exhibit unique operational advantages: the standard hand for diverse tasks, the double-thumb hand for multi-point gripping, and the slender primate hand for accessing narrow spaces [17][18] Group 3: Future Applications and Research Implications - The framework not only simulates existing hand types but also explores future designs that could enhance human capabilities or serve specific tasks, such as agricultural harvesting or personalized prosthetics [20] - The research aims to understand the intrinsic relationship between hand morphology and operational capabilities, potentially shedding light on human hand evolution [20]