Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the discovery of LbuCas13a, a novel CRISPR-Cas protein that can directly target DNA and exhibits strong trans-cleavage activity, leading to the development of a new molecular diagnostic platform called SUREST for high-sensitivity DNA mutation detection [1][3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - LbuCas13a, derived from Leptotrichia buccalis, can directly target DNA without being restricted by protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM) and shows significant trans-cleavage activity [3]. - The specificity of LbuCas13a for single nucleotides in DNA is enhanced compared to RNA, attributed to the lower affinity of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for DNA, which increases the energy barrier for crRNA binding [4]. - SUREST, based on LbuCas13a, can detect DNA concentrations as low as 0.3 amol for the CYP2C19 gene, which is crucial for assessing individual drug metabolism capabilities [4][5]. Group 2: Application and Impact - SUREST has been successfully applied in human genotyping scenarios, demonstrating excellent performance across a wide range of mutations and sequence backgrounds [5]. - Overall, SUREST represents a significant advancement in real-time nucleic acid detection technology, making it a valuable tool for pathogen identification and gene mutation analysis in clinical diagnostics [6].