Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a novel approach to control postoperative tumor recurrence using a stable hydrogel system that releases oncolytic viruses, demonstrating its effectiveness in activating immune responses and preventing tumor regrowth after surgery [3][6]. Group 1: Research Background - Tumors pose a significant threat to human health, and postoperative recurrence is a major challenge for patients who have undergone surgery [2]. - Current treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often have severe side effects, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives [2]. Group 2: Study Findings - The research published in Cell Reports Medicine introduces a hydrogel system (adv@Nap gel) that can continuously release oncolytic viruses post-surgery, effectively controlling tumor recurrence [3][6]. - The study confirms that this hydrogel can activate the type I interferon pathway, inducing both innate and adaptive immunity, thereby controlling postoperative tumor recurrence and extending survival in mice [6]. Group 3: Innovations and Implications - **Local Sustained Release System**: The hydrogel provides continuous release of oncolytic viruses, extending the local immune activation window and aligning with the long-term immune regulation needs post-surgery [7]. - **Synergistic Immune Mechanism**: Oncolytic viruses not only directly lyse tumor cells but also activate immune pathways, transforming "cold tumors" into "hot tumors," enhancing sensitivity to other treatments [7]. - **Multi-Virus Platform Applicability**: The study demonstrates that adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and vaccinia viruses can all be effectively delivered using this hydrogel system, indicating broad applicability across various oncolytic virus types [8]. - **Clinical Translation Potential**: The immediate application of this strategy during surgery addresses both micro-residual disease and immune suppression, offering a low-toxicity, high-efficacy combined treatment approach to reduce tumor recurrence [9].