Core Insights - The combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab shows significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after first-line therapy failure [1][3][5] Study Overview - The FRUSICA-2 trial is a randomized, open-label study comparing fruquintinib and sintilimab combination therapy against axitinib or everolimus monotherapy for second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, involving 234 patients [2] - The median follow-up for the final PFS analysis was 16.6 months, with a cutoff date of February 17, 2025 [2] Efficacy Results - The median PFS was 22.2 months for the fruquintinib and sintilimab group compared to 6.9 months for the axitinib/everolimus group, with a stratified hazard ratio of 0.373 (p<0.0001) [3] - The objective response rate (ORR) was 60.5% for the combination therapy versus 24.3% for the monotherapy (Odds Ratio 4.622, p<0.0001) [3] - The median duration of response (DoR) was 23.7 months for the combination compared to 11.3 months for the monotherapy [3] - Efficacy benefits were consistent across all prognostic risk groups as defined by the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria [3] Safety Profile - The safety profile of the fruquintinib and sintilimab combination was tolerable, with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of grade 3 or above occurring in 71.4% of patients in the combination group compared to 58.8% in the axitinib/everolimus group [4] Regulatory Developments - A New Drug Application (NDA) for the combination therapy has been accepted for review by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) [5] Market Context - In 2022, approximately 435,000 new kidney cancer cases were diagnosed globally, with around 74,000 cases in China, where renal cell carcinoma accounts for about 90% of kidney tumors [6]