blic Disclosure Auth olic Disclosure Authorize ERIA ECONOMIC 5th Edition | June 2024 Powering Growth with Reliable, Affordable and Sustainable Energy Access ORLD BANK GROUP croeconomics, Trade & Investment olic Disclosure Authorize c Disclosure Author © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work d ...

Policy Research Working Paper 10904 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Regional Convergence in Brazil Kaleb Abreha Rafael Ornelas Gabriel Zaourak Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10904 Abstract This paper examines whether labor productivity converged across Brazil's states ("departments") between 2002 and 2018. The results show strong evidence of unconditional con ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry but emphasizes the need for increased investment in climate resilience and adaptation in fragile and conflict-affected situations [19][22][39]. Core Insights - Fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) are projected to house two-thirds of the global extreme poor by 2030, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions [16][22]. - Climate change acts as a threat multiplier, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and increasing the risk of conflict and instability in FCS [18][26]. - The report underscores the importance of integrating conflict-sensitive approaches into climate financing to ensure that interventions do not inadvertently exacerbate tensions [82][84]. Summary by Sections Introduction - FCS face significant development challenges, with violent conflict and climate change compounding risks and impacts [16][18]. - The report notes that 80% of humanitarian financing is directed towards regions experiencing violent conflict [16]. Methodology - The analysis categorizes FCS based on their historical classification and examines climate risks and conflict trends from 2006 to 2023 [19][20]. Addressing Fragility and Conflict in Financing for Development - The report highlights that over 67% of IDA borrowing nations are on the FCS list, indicating a strong correlation between fragility and vulnerability to climate change [23]. - The GDP of FCS countries is expected to be 7.5% below pre-pandemic projections, exacerbating poverty and instability [22]. Challenges and Opportunities for Decarbonization in FCS - FCS countries contribute less than 3% of global GHG emissions but are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, complicating decarbonization efforts [29][41]. - The report emphasizes the need for conflict-sensitive climate financing to support decarbonization while addressing poverty [29][37]. Climate Risk and Resilience in FCS - FCS countries bear a disproportionate cost of climate change impacts, with 60% of climate-related disaster fatalities occurring in these regions [41][42]. - The report indicates that climate-related disasters are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, further destabilizing FCS [43][44]. Breakdown of Climate Change in FCV Settings - The report discusses the relationship between climate variability and conflict, noting that food insecurity and resource competition can lead to increased violence [54][56]. - It highlights the significant rise in conflict events during lean seasons, correlating with food scarcity [55][57]. Drought and Near-Term Climate Change Projections - FCS populations are highly dependent on rainfed agriculture, making them particularly vulnerable to climate variability and extreme weather events [59][60]. - The report calls for greater investment in climate adaptation strategies to mitigate these risks [59][61]. Discussion and Future Directions - The interconnectedness of climate change, fragility, and conflict necessitates comprehensive strategies that address root causes and foster sustainable development [78][79]. - The report advocates for integrated approaches that recognize the complex dynamics of FCV contexts in climate change financing [81][82].

Policy Research Working Paper 10901 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Evaluation of Door-to-Door Tax Enforcement Strategy in Indonesia Paulo Antonacci Muhammad Khudadad Chattha Governance Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10901 Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of a tax enforcement program conducted in Indonesia where officials from the tax authority visited properties to engage directly wit ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry discussed Core Insights - The report emphasizes that governments can effectively identify tradable sectors where public inputs can accelerate growth, particularly in developing countries where targeting can be more valuable due to fewer productive sectors and less technology [4][10] - Export promotion agencies are highlighted as effective institutions for coordinating public inputs to grow strategic sectors, presenting a cheaper and less capture-prone alternative to protectionism [4][10] - The report outlines a framework for export-led industrial policy, focusing on the importance of targeting industries based on international market growth, competition, comparative advantage, technological relatedness, and competitive advantage [12][41] Summary by Sections What: Growth, Competition, and Productivity Potential as Guides for Industrial Policy - The report discusses various theories regarding which sectors are beneficial for development, including manufacturing and tradable services, while emphasizing the importance of targeting based on specific country contexts [15][16] - It identifies international market growth as a critical measure for targeting sectors, noting that countries should focus on expanding exports in growing markets [21][17] - The presence of international competition is discussed as a risk factor, suggesting that targeting sectors with tough competition may be higher risk [22][24] How: Implementing Export-Led Development Strategy - The report outlines that developing countries face challenges in pursuing industrial policies due to international trade rules, which often limit their ability to discriminate against foreign interests [44][46] - It suggests that developing countries can still pursue industrial policy by focusing on tariff negotiations, improving access to new customers and suppliers, and ensuring quality certification and standards [48][50][51] - The role of export promotion agencies is emphasized, with evidence showing that they can effectively support exporters by providing training, market analysis, and facilitating trade opportunities [51][52]

Policy Research Working Paper 10903 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The Economic Impacts of the Syrian Refugee Migration on Jordan An Integration Perspective Juan Segnana Gladys Lopez-Acevedo Raymond Robertson Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez Poverty and Equity Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10903 Abstract The Syrian Civil War in 2011 led to a substantial influx of refugees into Jordan, with more t ...

Policy Research Working Paper 10882 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Development Acupuncture The Network Structure of Multidimensional Poverty and Its Implications Viktor Stojkoski Luis F. Lopez-Calva Kimberly Bolch Almudena Fernandez Poverty and Equity Global Practice August 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10882 Abstract While development literature has come a long way in conceptualizing and measuring poverty multidimensi ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10900 Long-Term Growth Prospects in Peru Leveraging the Global Green Transition and the Reforms Needed to Become a High-Income Country Daniel Barco Bledi Celiku Paulo Chávez Arthur Mendes Steven Pennings Elena Resk Development Research Group & Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10900 Abstract This pape ...

\ WORLD BANK GROUP BHUTAN COUNTRY ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM Maximizing Bhutan's Potential for Economic Diversification and Structural Transformation Bhutan Country Economic Memorandum © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The Wor ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry analyzed Core Insights - The study reveals that higher conflict exposure does not significantly impact firm profits, as it leads to reductions in both sales and total costs, indicating a decrease in overall economic activity despite stable profits [3][29] - The analysis utilizes longitudinal firm-level data from 91 countries between 2006 and 2019, focusing on the effects of conflict exposure on various firm outcomes [3][7] - The findings suggest that firms in countries with low-quality bureaucracy experience more pronounced negative effects from conflict exposure compared to those in countries with high-quality bureaucracy [9][29] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report highlights the prevalence of conflict and political violence affecting over 1.7 billion people globally, with significant economic activity continuing under such conditions [7] - It emphasizes the shift from macroeconomic to microeconomic analyses of conflict's effects on firms [7] Data - The primary data source is the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), which includes information from approximately 180,000 firms across 148 countries, focusing on privately owned firms in the formal sector [12] - The study constructs a firm-specific measure of conflict exposure based on the number of political violence events within a 20 km radius of each firm's location [15] Empirical Strategy - The report employs a fixed-effects model to estimate the impact of conflict exposure on firm outcomes, including sales, total costs, and profits [20] - The identification strategy assumes that conflict events near a firm's location are uncorrelated with any latent determinants of its economic performance [20] Results - Increased conflict exposure leads to a significant reduction in median sales by 2.8% for a one-standard-deviation increase in conflict events [21] - Conflict exposure results in a significant reduction in total production costs, primarily due to diminished availability of inputs rather than lower input prices [22] - The null effect on profits indicates that firms adjust their production costs in response to reduced sales [23] Mechanisms - Conflict exposure reduces a firm's access to raw materials and intermediate inputs, particularly imported ones, leading to decreased output [31] - The analysis shows that conflict exposure results in a shift towards employing more unskilled workers, thereby reducing total labor costs [32]