Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report emphasizes that sea-level rise (SLR) is a significant crisis driven by human-induced climate change, with urgent action required to mitigate its impacts [1][3] - Current and projected impacts of SLR are particularly severe for coastal communities and low-lying island nations, with the potential for devastating consequences if political leaders do not take decisive climate actions [3][16] Current State of Sea-Level Rise - Global mean sea level has risen by 20 cm from 1901 to 2018, with an increase of 9.4 cm from 1993 to 2023, marking the highest level in modern records [6][7] - The rate of SLR has accelerated, with an average increase of 0.48 cm per year from 2014 to 2023, more than double the rate from 1993 to 2002 [6][7] - Melting land ice and thermal expansion of seawater are the primary drivers of SLR, with significant contributions from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets [5][8] Projections of Future Sea-Level Rise - Future SLR projections vary significantly based on greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, with estimates ranging from 18 cm by 2050 and 38 cm by 2100 under low-emission scenarios to 23 cm by 2050 and 77 cm by 2100 under high-emission scenarios [10][12] - A worst-case scenario under high emissions could see SLR exceed 2.3 m by 2100 [11] - Historical emissions are expected to lead to a committed SLR of 0.7–1.1 m by 2300, regardless of future emissions [9][10] Global Impacts and Implications of Sea-Level Rise - SLR poses major risks to low-lying islands, coastal megacities, and agricultural deltas, threatening safety, security, and sustainability [16][17] - The low-elevation coastal zone (LECZ) generates around 14% of global GDP and is home to nearly 900 million people, projected to exceed 1 billion by 2050 [16][17] - Annual costs of coastal flooding for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are estimated at USD 1.64 billion, highlighting the economic impact of SLR [17] Impacts on Pacific Small Island Developing States - Pacific SIDS are particularly vulnerable to SLR, with local sea level changes projected to be 10–30% higher than the global average by 2100 [31][32] - Under a scenario of 3°C warming, median SLR for the Pacific region is projected to range from 50–97 cm by 2100 [32][33] - The frequency of flooding days is expected to increase dramatically, with some islands projected to experience up to 165 flooding days per year by the 2050s [35][36]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the solar and wind energy industry Core Insights - Trade in solar and wind energy technologies is experiencing significant growth, yet the pace is insufficient to replace fossil fuel-based energy generation. Developing countries are primarily net exporters of raw materials while being net importers of manufactured goods in the energy value chains [3][12] - High trade costs along solar and wind energy technology value chains hinder the affordability of renewable energy technologies and limit industrialization opportunities. Average tariffs on green energy goods in developing countries range from 2.5% in Asia and Oceania to 7.1% in Africa, with non-tariff measures adding additional costs of 0.4%-0.7% [4][58] - Lowering tariffs on intermediate goods can facilitate the entry of developing countries into the assembly stage of green energy technologies, with current tariffs on intermediate products in Africa reaching up to 8.1% [5][62] - Regional integration can be enhanced by addressing both tariffs and non-tariff barriers, as intra-African tariffs are nearly double those in other developing regions [6][63] - The increasing use of temporary trade defense measures on green energy goods, particularly for Asian traders, suggests a need for improved trade remedy mechanisms [7][70] - Developed countries should reassess their trade, investment, and aid policies towards developing countries to align with global energy transition goals [8] Summary by Sections Tackling Climate Change and Energy Access - Renewable energy is essential for addressing climate change and energy poverty, with the potential to provide electricity to 685 million people lacking access [10][19] - The urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is critical, with a target to peak emissions before 2025 and reduce them by 43% by 2030 [16][17] Solar and Wind Driving the Energy Transition - Despite rapid growth, fossil fuels still accounted for 82% of global energy consumption in 2022, with renewable energy comprising only 5% [24][25] - Solar and wind energy are leading the transformation of the electricity sector, with renewable power capacity growing from 21% in 2000 to 43% in 2023 [27][28] The Anatomy of Green Energy Value Chains - The production of solar panels and wind turbines involves complex value chains with numerous inputs, including raw materials and intermediate products [40][41] New Technologies Following Historical Trade Patterns - Global trade in solar and wind energy goods exceeded US$ 1.5 trillion annually between 2020 and 2022, with significant trade values associated with final production stages [45][46] Trade Barriers Along Green Energy Value Chains - Developing countries face high tariffs on green energy goods, which can hinder their integration into global value chains. Average tariffs range from 2.5% to 7.1% across different regions [58][59] - Reducing trade barriers and compliance costs associated with non-tariff measures can enhance intra-regional trade, particularly in Africa and Latin America [65][66]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a challenging outlook for SDG investments, particularly in least developed countries (LDCs), where investments are expected to fall by over 25% [3][9][31]. Core Insights - International investment in SDG-relevant sectors, excluding renewable energy, has stalled since 2015, with foreign investors sponsoring only one-fifth of infrastructure projects in developing countries [2][4]. - Preliminary data for Q1 2024 shows an 11% decline in the number of projects compared to the 2023 average, although the total value of these projects increased by 7% due to large-scale projects [3][9]. - The distribution of international SDG investments remains uneven, with 18 developing economies not receiving any internationally financed SDG projects since 2015 [4][11]. - The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a key driver of SDG investments, particularly in Africa, where it accounts for a third of all investments in social infrastructure sectors [8][31]. Summary by Sections International Investment Trends - Since 2015, the total number of international projects in SDG-related sectors has grown by 25%, primarily driven by renewable energy projects [3][14]. - The average number of SDG-related projects increased by around 20% over the last decade, but investments in water and sanitation (WASH) have halved [4][14]. Regional Disparities - Africa has consistently attracted the fewest international projects related to the SDGs, despite having a higher share of SDG-related projects compared to total international projects [16][20]. - In Latin America and the Caribbean, the total number of SDG-related projects increased by 45%, driven by a threefold increase in renewable energy investments [16]. Role of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) - MDBs play a crucial role in attracting foreign private investment for infrastructure projects, participating in about 5% of all project finance deals aligned with the SDGs [7][26]. - MDBs are more involved in LDCs, contributing to nearly a quarter of international human capital projects and around one-fifth of infrastructure and renewable energy initiatives [26][28]. Major Investors and Projects - Top sponsors in the renewable energy sector include Enel (Italy), Engie (France), and EDP Energias (Portugal) [35][38]. - Significant projects include a $35 billion health sector development in Egypt and two green hydrogen power plants in Oman valued at $5 billion and $6 billion [9][31].

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Department of conomic and Social Affairs World Population Prospects 2024 Summary of Results World Population Prospects 2024 Summary of Results United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a ...

FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 702 ISSN 2070-7010 702 Manual on Artemia production and use This FAO publication on brine shrimp Artemia is a manual for all those who are using Artemia or have an interest in this organism, whether as a source of live food in the hatchery, as a model organism in research, or for whatever purpose. It is intended for those who wish to update their knowledge on its biology, production or its use, but also for those who want to learn about Artemia for the first tim ...

Industry Overview - The least developed countries (LDCs) experienced a sharp economic slowdown in 2020 and 2021, with their combined GDP in 2023 being 10% lower than the pre-pandemic trend (2010-2019) [3] - If LDCs achieve the 7% GDP growth target set in their action plan, their per capita GDP in 2023 would be 16% higher than current estimates [3] - The extreme poverty population in LDCs increased by at least 15 million compared to pre-pandemic levels [3] Financial Challenges - LDCs require $462 billion annually to achieve 7% GDP growth, a 55% increase from 2019 investment levels [5] - Structural transformation goals would require LDCs to invest $1,051 billion annually, necessitating a 20% annual growth rate in the 2020s [5] - The financing gap for sustainable development goals across all developing countries is estimated at $4 trillion annually, up from $2.5 trillion in 2015 [5] Climate Financing - Climate financing to LDCs needs improvement in quantity, quality, and accessibility [14] - Only 45% of climate funds to LDCs are allocated for adaptation, despite it being their primary priority [14] - Over one-third of climate funds to LDCs are provided as loans, exacerbating debt burdens [14] Debt Vulnerability - LDCs' total external debt stock reached $570 billion in 2022, with public and publicly guaranteed debt surging from $100 billion in 2006 to $353 billion [16] - Debt service payments exceeded education expenditures in LDCs since 2018 and reached three-quarters of health expenditures in 2018-2020 [19] - 11 LDCs had debt service payments exceeding combined education and health expenditures in 2018-2020, compared to none in 2009-2011 [19] Development Financing - Official development assistance (ODA) to LDCs totaled $66.9 billion in 2021, down from the record $72.9 billion in 2020 [10] - ODA to LDCs represented only 0.09% of DAC members' GNI in 2021, far below the 0.15-0.2% target [10] - The share of grants in total ODA to LDCs declined to 67% in 2020, the lowest since OECD began tracking [12] Structural Transformation - LDCs need to expand fiscal space for structural transformation, with median government debt rising from 48.5% of GDP in 2019 to 55.4% in 2022 [8] - LDCs' tax-to-GDP ratio was 11.6% in 2020, compared to 16.3% in other developing countries and 23.2% in developed countries [9] - Improving domestic resource mobilization through tax base expansion and combating illicit financial flows is crucial for LDCs [9]

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations sustainable Development G OALS ACTIVITY BOOK Right to foods Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of thi ...

联合国粮食及农业组织 徐璐铭 黄 波 魏 梁 等 编 著 译 安全工具包人们读物 Layman's Guide to Food Safety in Asia and the Pacific Introduction to the food safety toolkit 业组织 FAO中文出版计划项目丛书 亚太地区食品安全简易指南 ——食品安全工具包入门读物 联合国粮食及农业组织 编著 徐璐铭 黄 波 魏 梁 等 译 中国农业出版社 联合国粮食及农业组织 2023·北京 引用格式要求: 粮农组织。2023。《亚太地区食品安全简易指南——食品安全工具包入门读物》。中国北京, 中国农业出版社。https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4138zh 本信息产品中使用的名称和介绍的材料,并不意味着联合国粮食及农业组织(粮农组织) 对任何国家、领地、城市、地区或其当局的法律或发展状况,或对其国界或边界的划分表 示任何意见。提及具体的公司或厂商产品,无论是否含有专利,并不意味着这些公司或产 品得到粮农组织的认可或推荐,优于未提及的其他类似公司或产品。 本信息产品中陈述的观点是作者的观点,不一定反映粮农组织的观点或 ...