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Tredegar's Q4 Earnings Soar Y/Y on Aluminum Extrusions Strength
ZACKS· 2026-03-17 18:40
Core Insights - Tredegar Corporation's shares have underperformed the broader market, declining 3.4% since the fourth-quarter earnings announcement, compared to a 2.2% decline in the S&P 500 [1] - The company reported significant improvements in adjusted net income and revenues for the fourth quarter of 2025, with adjusted net income rising to 32 cents per share from 6 cents per share and total sales increasing to $184.1 million from $154 million, representing a year-over-year growth of approximately 19.5% [2][3] Financial Performance - Adjusted net income from ongoing operations for the full year increased to $25.7 million (74 cents per share) from $17.2 million (50 cents per share), while total sales rose to $722.9 million from $598 million, marking a year-over-year increase of about 20.9% [13] - The Aluminum Extrusions segment was the primary growth driver, with net sales rising 26.2% year over year to $154.5 million, supported by a 3.7% increase in sales volume and higher metal pass-through pricing [4] - EBITDA from ongoing operations in the Aluminum Extrusions segment surged 61.4% to $15.7 million, reflecting improved contribution margins and pricing gains [4] Segment Performance - Volume trends were mixed across end markets, with non-residential building and construction shipments increasing by 8.2% and automotive volumes rising by 7.7%, while residential construction declined by 8.3% [5] - The High Performance Films segment experienced weaker performance, with net sales declining 10% year over year to $23.7 million, primarily due to lower surface protection film volumes [6] - EBITDA from ongoing operations in the High Performance Films segment fell 25% to $5.7 million, impacted by unfavorable product mix and pricing pressures [6] Management Commentary - Management highlighted strong execution in the Aluminum Extrusions segment despite challenging market conditions, noting that higher volumes and improved EBITDA were achieved even amid tariff-related cost pressures [7] - For High Performance Films, management characterized performance as solid relative to an exceptionally strong prior year but acknowledged moderating demand in surface protection films [8] Drivers Behind Performance - Factors influencing the quarter's results included higher contribution margins in Aluminum Extrusions driven by favorable pricing, increased volumes, and improved material yield [9] - External pressures included an increase in Section 232 tariffs to 50%, contributing to a 23.6% decline in net new orders in the second half of 2025 [10] - In High Performance Films, declining surface protection volumes and customer concentration, with the top four customers accounting for 88% of sales, contributed to volatility [11] Capital Allocation and Developments - The company plans continued investment with projected 2026 capital expenditures of $20 million for Aluminum Extrusions and $3 million for High Performance Films [14] - Tredegar strengthened its balance sheet by reducing total debt to $35.1 million from $61.9 million at the end of 2024, with net debt falling to $28.4 million [15] - The company completed the termination of its other post-retirement benefits plan in October 2025, recognizing a gain in the quarter, and continued restructuring and cost optimization initiatives [16]
Tredegar Swings To Profit In Q4; Stock Up 6.6%
RTTNews· 2026-03-11 13:08
Core Viewpoint - Tredegar Corp. reported a significant turnaround in net income for Q2, moving from a loss in the previous year to a profit this year, despite a decline in total sales [1] Financial Performance - Net income for Q2 was $14.57 million or $0.42 per share, compared to a net loss of $72.70 million or $2.12 per share in the same quarter last year [1] - Earnings from ongoing operations increased to $0.32 per share, up from $0.06 per share in the prior year [1] - Total sales decreased by 10 percent to $184.07 million from $154.05 million in the same quarter last year, primarily due to a decrease in sales in surface protection films [1] Market Reaction - In pre-market trading, Tredegar Corp. shares were priced at $8.99, reflecting an increase of $0.56 or 6.64 percent [2]
Tredegar (TG) - 2025 Q4 - Annual Results
2026-03-11 12:25
Financial Performance - Fourth quarter 2025 net income from continuing operations was $14.5 million ($0.42 per diluted share), a significant improvement from a net loss of $(7.3) million ($(0.21) per diluted share) in Q4 2024[3]. - Full year 2025 net income from continuing operations was $24.1 million ($0.69 per diluted share), compared to $1.0 million ($0.03 per diluted share) in 2024, marking a substantial year-over-year increase[4]. - Net income for 2025 was $33.5 million, compared to a net loss of $64.6 million in 2024[44]. - The company reported a diluted earnings per share from ongoing operations of $0.32 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $0.06 in 2024[52]. - The company recognized a net income from ongoing operations of $24.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $1.0 million in 2024, marking a significant improvement[61]. EBITDA and Operational Metrics - EBITDA from ongoing operations for Aluminum Extrusions was $15.7 million in Q4 2025, up 61.4% from $9.7 million in Q4 2024, with sales volume increasing by 3.7%[8]. - EBITDA from ongoing operations in Q4 2025 increased by $6.0 million compared to Q4 2024, driven by a $13.3 million increase in contribution margin[17]. - EBITDA from ongoing operations for High Performance Films in Q4 2025 decreased by $1.9 million compared to Q4 2024, reflecting significant cyclical swings in sales volume[23]. - Consolidated EBITDA from ongoing operations for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $58.5 million, an increase of 15.8% from $50.5 million in 2024[63]. - Credit EBITDA for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, increased to $60.1 million, up from $51.1 million in 2024, reflecting a growth of 17.6%[61]. Sales and Orders - Net new orders decreased by 6% in Q4 2025 compared to Q4 2024, and decreased by 19.8% in the second half of 2025 versus the first half, largely due to increased tariffs[14]. - Open orders at the end of Q4 2025 were 17 million pounds, unchanged from Q4 2024, but down from 19 million pounds at the end of Q3 2025, indicating a decline in demand stability[14]. - Sales volume for Aluminum Extrusions reached 37.2 million pounds in Q4 2025, compared to 35.8 million pounds in Q4 2024, with notable growth in the non-residential building and construction market[12]. - Net sales for 2025 increased by 27.0% compared to 2024, primarily due to a 12.9% increase in sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs[18]. - Total sales for 2025 reached $723 million, an increase of 21% from $598 million in 2024[41]. Debt and Liquidity - The Company’s net debt decreased from $54.8 million at the beginning of 2025 to $28.4 million at year-end, reflecting a focus on cash generation and cost discipline[7]. - Total debt decreased to $35.1 million at December 31, 2025, down from $61.9 million at December 31, 2024[30]. - Total debt decreased by $26.8 million to $125 million at the end of 2025 compared to the end of 2024[31]. - Funds available to borrow under the ABL Facility were approximately $87 million as of December 31, 2025[33]. - The median daily liquidity under the ABL Facility was $82 million in Q4 2025, compared to $53 million in Q3 2025[33]. Tax and Expenses - The effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2025 was 21.5%, compared to (18.8)% for 2024, primarily due to higher pre-tax income[29]. - Higher fixed costs in 2025 included wage increases and compensation-related costs totaling $2.9 million[20]. - Corporate expenses increased by $0.9 million in 2025 compared to 2024, mainly due to higher professional fees associated with business development activities[27]. Assets and Equity - Total assets increased to $371.372 million as of December 31, 2025, up from $356.357 million in 2024, reflecting a growth of approximately 4%[48]. - Total current assets rose to $169.074 million, compared to $139.827 million in the previous year, marking an increase of about 21%[48]. - Total current liabilities increased to $104.381 million from $91.708 million, representing a rise of about 14%[48]. - Shareholders' equity improved to $216.554 million, up from $180.968 million, indicating a growth of approximately 20%[48]. Capital Expenditures - Capital expenditures for Bonnell Aluminum are projected to be $20 million in 2026, including $7 million for productivity projects[19]. - Capital expenditures for 2025 totaled $17.2 million, with additional working capital of $15.2 million primarily due to tariffs[32]. - Capital expenditures for 2025 were $17.241 million, compared to $14.347 million in 2024, indicating an increase of approximately 20%[50]. Other Notable Events - The Section 232 tariffs were increased to 50% in June 2025, contributing to a decline in net new orders and impacting market dynamics for aluminum extrusions[15]. - The company reported a foreign currency transaction loss of $0.3 million in 2025, compared to a gain of $0.3 million in 2024[31]. - The company completed the pension plan termination process in November 2023, resulting in a pre-tax pension settlement loss of $25.6 million[66]. - The High Performance Films technical center in Richmond, VA, was closed, with future R&D activities shifted to Pottsville, PA, focusing on surface protection films[66]. - The company plans to continue exploring new business opportunities in the semiconductor market despite the reduction in development efforts[66].
Tredegar (TG) - 2025 Q4 - Annual Report
2026-03-11 12:23
Financial Performance - Sales increased to $722.9 million in 2025, a 20.9% increase from $598.0 million in 2024[77] - Net income from continuing operations was $24.1 million ($0.69 per diluted share) in 2025, compared to $1.0 million ($0.03 per diluted share) in 2024[77] - EBITDA from ongoing operations for Aluminum Extrusions was $51.0 million, up $9.6 million from 2024, while High Performance Films saw a decrease to $27.1 million, down $3.3 million[79] - Gross profit margin decreased to 15.1% in 2025 from 16.1% in 2024, primarily due to increased costs and operational challenges[84] - Net sales in 2025 increased by 27.0% to $722.9 million compared to 2024, driven by higher sales volume and the pass-through of increased metal costs[98] Expenses and Costs - Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) and research and development (R&D) expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 11.0% in 2025 from 12.3% in 2024[86] - The effective tax rate from continuing operations increased to 21.5% in 2025 from (18.8)% in 2024, driven by higher pre-tax income[89] - Interest expense decreased to $4.0 million in 2025 from $4.7 million in 2024, attributed to lower debt and interest rates[106] Capital Expenditures - Capital expenditures for Aluminum Extrusions were $15.4 million in 2025, compared to $10.1 million in 2024[97] - Projected capital expenditures for Bonnell Aluminum are $20 million in 2026, including $7 million for productivity projects[100] - The Company anticipates a capital spending pattern in 2026 that aligns more closely with depreciation and amortization, supporting maintenance and efficiency initiatives[100] - Capital expenditure commitments as of December 31, 2025, included $15.8 million in contractual commitments[124] Debt and Cash Flow - Average total outstanding debt decreased to $54.8 million in 2025 from $117.7 million in 2024, with the average interest rate dropping to 6.7% from 8.9%[93] - Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $33.0 million in 2025 from $25.5 million in 2024, primarily due to higher EBITDA[111] - The Company believes existing cash balances and cash flow from operations will satisfy short-term cash requirements for at least the next 12 months[121] - As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants[120] Sales and Market Performance - Net sales in Aluminum Extrusions increased by 27.0% due to higher sales volume and pass-through of higher metal costs, while High Performance Films saw a 5.2% decrease[82] - Sales volume rose by 12.9% in 2025, contributing to a $9.6 million increase in EBITDA from ongoing operations[98] - Aluminum Extrusions segment net sales reached $599.0 million in 2025, up from $471.8 million in 2024, while High Performance Films segment net sales decreased to $99.8 million from $105.2 million[107] - High Performance Films accounted for approximately 14% of Tredegar's consolidated net sales in 2025, down from 18% in 2024 and back to 14% in 2023[18] - The top four customers of High Performance Films collectively comprised 88% of its net sales in 2025 and 2024, and 87% in 2023[19] Operational Metrics - Accounts and other receivables increased by $17.0 million or 26.2% in 2025, reflecting higher sales volume and metal costs[109] - Accounts and other receivables in High Performance Films decreased by $0.1 million due to lower sales volume, with DSO at approximately 25.4 days in 2025[115] - Inventories increased by $13.6 million or 26.4%, with Aluminum Extrusions contributing $12.7 million to this increase[115] - Accounts payable increased by $11.1 million or 17.1%, with Aluminum Extrusions accounting for a $12.0 million increase[115] - Credit EBITDA for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, was $60.146 million, with a fixed charge coverage ratio of 9.28[117] Employee and Labor Relations - Tredegar had approximately 1,700 employees as of December 31, 2025, with 96% located in the U.S.[25] - Approximately 19% of Tredegar's employees are represented by labor unions under two collective bargaining agreements[25] - The Company emphasizes performance-based compensation to attract and retain qualified executive officers, linking pay to performance[28] Safety and Compliance - The Company has exceeded industry standards for safety in its manufacturing sectors, utilizing various employee safety metrics[26] - Tredegar's compliance with environmental regulations may lead to significant future capital expenditures or operating costs[23] Raw Materials and Supply Chain - Aluminum Extrusions is monitoring potential implications for the availability of aluminum-related raw materials due to geopolitical tensions, evaluating sourcing diversification[17] - The primary raw materials for High Performance Films are polyethylene and polypropylene resins, which are obtained at competitive prices[18] Other Notable Events - The company terminated the Other Post-Retirement Benefits (OPEB) program, realizing a pre-tax actuarial gain of $1.3 million in Q4 2025[87] - The ABL Facility provides a $125 million credit line, with $87.5 million available for borrowing as of December 31, 2025[114] - High Performance Films had outstanding debt of $0.5 million under the Guangzhou Loan, with future interest payments deemed immaterial[123] - As of December 31, 2025, High Performance Films held 30 patents, including 6 U.S. patents, with remaining terms of 5 to 16 years[20]
The Zacks Analyst Blog Alphabet, Tesla, Sony, Tredegar and CVD Equipment
ZACKS· 2025-12-18 10:25
Core Insights - The Zacks Equity Research team has highlighted key stocks including Alphabet Inc., Tesla, and Sony Group Corp., along with micro-cap stocks Tredegar Corp. and CVD Equipment Corp. [1][2] Alphabet Inc. (GOOGL) - Alphabet's shares have outperformed the Zacks Internet - Services industry over the past year, gaining 63.8% compared to the industry's 59% [4] - The company is experiencing accelerated growth in AI infrastructure, Google Cloud, and Search, with Google Cloud's backlog reaching $155 billion, up 46% sequentially [4] - New Google Cloud Platform customers increased by approximately 34% year-over-year, and 70% of these customers are utilizing Alphabet's AI products [5] - Revenues from products based on Alphabet's generative AI models grew over 200% year-over-year, indicating strong adoption [5] - Search growth is supported by AI features, while YouTube benefits from increased demand for shorts, although competition in cloud computing remains a concern [6] Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) - Tesla's shares have increased by 11.3% over the past year, underperforming the Zacks Automotive - Domestic industry, which gained 13.9% [7] - The company achieved a new delivery record in Q3, largely due to buyers taking advantage of the expiring $7,500 EV tax credit, but Q4 deliveries are expected to decline due to the withdrawal of incentives and increased competition from Chinese EV manufacturers [7] - Automotive margins are under pressure, but the Energy Generation & Storage unit is performing well, and the Supercharger network is expanding [8] - Tesla's robotaxi service is operational in Austin and San Francisco, with driverless tests recently initiated, although significant results from AI and autonomous projects may take years [9] Sony Group Corp. (SONY) - Sony's shares have outperformed the Zacks Audio Video Production industry, rising 26.5% compared to 24.4% for the industry [10] - The company's performance is driven by strong results in Game & Network Services, Music, and Imaging & Sensing Solutions, despite challenges in Pictures and Entertainment, and Technology & Services [10] - Increased engagement in PlayStation and higher streaming in Recorded Music are contributing to growth, while Imaging & Sensing Solutions benefits from higher image sensor sales [11] - The acquisition of STATSports is expected to enhance sports analytics capabilities, although there are concerns about business volatility and a slowdown in the imaging market [12] Tredegar Corp. (TG) - Tredegar's shares have underperformed the Zacks Chemical - Plastic industry, declining 1.6% compared to the industry's 23.8% gain [13] - The company reported a strong Q3 2025 rebound, with Aluminum Extrusions EBITDA surging 172% year-over-year, driven by higher volumes and improved pricing [14] - Net income improved to $7.1 million from a loss of $3.4 million in Q3 2024, supported by stronger operating cash flow [14] - Despite facing challenges such as elevated corporate costs and high customer concentration, Tredegar maintained its market position through pricing flexibility and achieved 34% year-over-year volume growth in specialty products [15] CVD Equipment Corp. (CVV) - CVD Equipment's shares have gained 9.3% over the past six months, slightly underperforming the Zacks Manufacturing - General Industrial industry's gain of 10.5% [16] - The company is positioned for long-term growth in advanced materials for aerospace and EV batteries, supported by differentiated CVD/CVI platforms [16] - Key growth drivers include the adoption of ceramic matrix composites in aerospace and alignment with the shift to 200mm SiC wafers in power electronics [17] - Recent margin improvements and a restructuring plan targeting $2 million in annual cost savings are expected to enhance operating leverage, although risks include order volatility and customer concentration [18]
Tredegar Trades At A Deep Discount As The Market Tests A Recovery
Seeking Alpha· 2025-12-17 15:43
Core Insights - The article highlights the expertise of Michael Del Monte as a buy-side equity analyst specializing in technology, energy, industrials, and materials sectors [1] Group 1: Analyst Background - Michael Del Monte has over a decade of experience in professional services across various industries including Oil & Gas, Oilfield Services, Midstream, Industrials, Information Technology, EPC Services, and consumer discretionary [1]
Tredegar announces CEO, CFO transitions (NYSE:TG)
Seeking Alpha· 2025-11-20 22:59
Group 1 - The article does not provide any relevant content regarding company or industry insights [1]
Tredegar Announces Retirement of John M. Steitz
Businesswire· 2025-11-20 21:47
Core Viewpoint - Tredegar Corporation announces the retirement of John M. Steitz as President and CEO, effective December 31, 2025, and the election of Arijit (Bapi) DasGupta as his successor, effective January 1, 2026 [1][6] Management Changes - John M. Steitz has been with Tredegar since 2018 and has served as President and CEO since 2019 [2] - Arijit (Bapi) DasGupta joined Tredegar in 2007 and has been leading the PE Films business unit since 2015 [2] - D. Andrew Edwards will also retire as Executive Vice President and CFO on December 31, 2025, with Frasier W. Brickhouse II elected as his successor, effective January 1, 2026 [3] Leadership Experience - Frasier W. Brickhouse II has been with Tredegar since 1993, serving in various roles including Corporate Controller and Treasurer [3] - Both DasGupta and Brickhouse have extensive experience within Tredegar, indicating a smooth transition in leadership [4] Company Overview - Tredegar Corporation operates primarily in two sectors: custom aluminum extrusions and surface protection films for high-technology applications [4] - The company employs approximately 1,600 individuals and has manufacturing facilities in North America and Asia [4]
TG's Q3 Earnings Surge Y/Y on Strong Aluminum Demand, Stock Up 33%
ZACKS· 2025-11-13 14:46
Core Insights - Tredegar Corporation's shares have increased by 33.2% since the earnings report for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, significantly outperforming the S&P 500 index, which grew by 2% during the same period [1] - The company reported an adjusted net income of 26 cents per share, a substantial increase from 1 cent per share in the prior-year period [1] Financial Performance - Consolidated revenues rose by 33.5% to $194.9 million, up from $146.1 million in the same quarter last year, primarily driven by the Aluminum Extrusions segment, which saw a 40.4% increase in net sales to $162.5 million [2] - Net income from continuing operations was $7.1 million, compared to a net loss of $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2024, with non-GAAP net income from ongoing operations at $9.2 million, up from $0.2 million in the prior-year period [3] Segment Performance - In the Aluminum Extrusions segment, EBITDA from ongoing operations reached $16.8 million, a 172.1% increase from $6.2 million in the third quarter of 2024, driven by a 19.5% growth in sales volume to 41.3 million pounds [4] - The PE Films segment's EBITDA increased by 22.9% to $7.2 million, up from $5.9 million in the third quarter of 2024, with net sales rising 4% year over year to $25.9 million [6] Operational Highlights - The Aluminum Extrusions segment benefited from an inventory flow-through timing effect due to aluminum price trends, contributing $4.3 million to earnings, reversing a $1 million charge from the previous year [5] - The PE Films segment experienced a volume decline of 11% in overwrap films, negatively impacting performance, although surface protection films saw a 10.9% year-over-year increase [7] Management Commentary - CEO John Steitz described the quarter as "good" across both business units, noting improvements in manufacturing efficiencies at Bonnell despite net new orders remaining at "depressed levels" due to increased tariffs [8] - Encouraging order activity was observed in October, with weekly averages reaching 3 million pounds, indicating potential stabilization [9] Factors Influencing Performance - The Aluminum Extrusions segment's earnings increase was supported by a $12.7 million boost in contribution margin, higher sales volumes, and improved pricing, despite cost pressures from labor and maintenance [10] - The PE Films segment's improvement was driven by a $1.8 million margin increase from surface protection films, aided by higher volume and productivity gains [11] Future Guidance - Management is evaluating cost-reduction initiatives expected to yield results in 2026, with projected capital expenditures of $17 million for Bonnell Aluminum and $2 million for PE Films in 2025 [12] Other Developments - Tredegar recorded a $9.8 million cash inflow related to the post-closing settlement of the sale of its Terphane business, contributing to debt reduction in 2025 [13] - The company also completed the sale of corporate-owned land during the third quarter, resulting in a $1.5 million gain [13]
Tredegar (TG) - 2025 Q3 - Quarterly Results
2025-11-07 13:08
Financial Performance - Third quarter 2025 net income from continuing operations was $7.1 million ($0.20 per diluted share), compared to a loss of $3.4 million in the same quarter of 2024[3]. - Tredegar Corporation reported Q3 2025 net sales of $194,942,000, a 33.5% increase from $146,064,000 in Q3 2024[47]. - The company achieved a net income of $7,074,000 in Q3 2025, compared to a net loss of $3,946,000 in Q3 2024[49]. - For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net income from ongoing operations was $14.6 million, a decrease from $15.3 million in the same period of 2024[55]. - The net income from continuing operations as reported under GAAP for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was $7.1 million, compared to a loss of $3.4 million in the same period of 2024[55]. Sales and Volume - Sales volume for Aluminum Extrusions was 41.3 million pounds in Q3 2025, a 19.5% increase from 34.6 million pounds in Q3 2024[8]. - Net sales for Aluminum Extrusions reached $162.5 million in Q3 2025, a 40.4% increase compared to $115.7 million in Q3 2024[11]. - Net sales for PE Films in Q3 2025 increased by 4.0% to $25.883 million compared to Q3 2024, driven by a 10.9% increase in sales volume of surface protection films[25]. - Net sales for the first nine months of 2025 decreased by 3.5% to $76.017 million compared to the same period in 2024, attributed to lower sales volume in surface protection and overwrap films[27]. - Sales volume in the first nine months of 2025 increased 16.1% compared to the same period in 2024[16]. EBITDA and Profitability - EBITDA from ongoing operations for Aluminum Extrusions increased to $16.8 million in Q3 2025, up 172.1% from $6.2 million in Q3 2024[6]. - EBITDA from ongoing operations for PE Films in Q3 2025 increased by $1.4 million to $7.221 million compared to Q3 2024, primarily due to higher sales volume and cost improvements[26]. - Consolidated EBITDA from ongoing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, is $39.7 million, slightly up from $39.3 million in the same period of 2024[65]. - Tredegar's EBITDA from ongoing operations is a key profitability metric used to assess segment financial performance, with net sales as the measure of revenues from external customers[55]. Debt and Financial Position - Net debt decreased from $54.8 million at the beginning of 2025 to $36.2 million by September 30, 2025[5]. - Total debt decreased by $12.4 million to $49.5 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to $61.9 million at December 31, 2024[35]. - The net leverage ratio is 0.7, indicating a strong financial leverage position[64]. - The fixed charge coverage ratio is 6.86, indicating strong coverage of fixed charges[69]. Operational Changes and Future Outlook - The company is evaluating cost reduction opportunities expected to begin realizing in 2026[5]. - The company plans to close the PE Films technical center in Richmond, VA, and will shift R&D activities to Pottsville, PA, effective Q1 2024[66]. - Future business opportunities for PE Films will focus on surface protection films for flat panel and flexible displays[66]. Customer Concentration and Risks - The top four customers accounted for 88% of net sales for PE Films in the first nine months of 2025, indicating a high customer concentration risk[26]. Tax and Expenses - The effective tax rate for income taxes from continuing operations in the first nine months of 2025 was 27.1%, a slight decrease from 27.5% in the same period of 2024[34]. - Corporate expenses increased by $4.9 million in the first nine months of 2025, primarily due to higher professional fees and employee-related compensation[32]. - Total income tax expense for continuing operations is $235,000[69].