Policy Research Working Paper 10919 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Regenerative Agriculture in Practice | --- | --- | |-------|-----------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A Review | | | | | | Andrew Dabalen | | | Aparajita Goyal | | | Ruozi Song | Africa Region Office of the Chief Economist September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10919 Abstract Regenerative agriculture, a farming approach that focuses on soil health ...

Investment Rating - The report assigns an "Attractive" investment rating to the industry [1]. Core Insights - The headline Total Social Financing (TSF) growth moderated to approximately 8% year-on-year (YoY) in August, indicating a more rational loan extension which is expected to stabilize loan yields [1][2]. - Government bond issuance is anticipated to be a primary support for investment and consumption in the second half of 2024 [1]. - The report forecasts TSF growth to remain around 8% for 2024, with a potential decline below this level, which is viewed positively for the long-term sustainability of the financial system [1][2]. - Credit growth is expected to slow to approximately 7% in 2025, which will help close the gap between credit supply and demand, thereby supporting loan yields through more market-oriented pricing by banks [1]. Summary by Sections TSF Growth and Loan Dynamics - TSF growth moderated to 8.1% YoY in August, with RMB loan growth also at 8.1% YoY [2][3]. - The moderation in loan growth is attributed to efforts to reduce self-circulating loans and a rationalization of loan growth as banks focus on risk containment [1][3]. - Long-term corporate loans remain weak, influenced by policies on capacity control and fair competition rules [1]. Government Bonds and Investment Support - Government bond issuance increased by 15.8% YoY, providing significant support for investment and consumption [2][3]. - The report highlights that government bonds will likely be utilized to bolster investment and consumption in the latter half of 2024 [1]. Household and Corporate Deposits - Household deposit growth remained stable at 10.9% YoY in August, while corporate deposits declined by 3.9% YoY [1][11]. - The stability in household deposits is seen as a positive indicator for fee income rebound in the second half of 2024 [1]. Loan Types and Trends - Short-term household loans saw a significant decline of 52% YoY, while long-term household loans are experiencing a slower decline [1][11]. - The report notes that mortgages are gradually stabilizing, attributed to lower early repayments and some recovery in demand due to lower mortgage rates [1]. Valuation Comparisons - The report includes valuation comparisons for various Chinese banks, indicating a range of price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) ratios, with several banks rated as Overweight (OW) [12][13].

ab 12 September 2024 Global Research and Evidence Lab | --- | --- | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | Eu ...

Investment Rating - The report suggests a likely 50 basis points (bp) cut in the Fed funds rate at the upcoming FOMC meeting, indicating a positive investment outlook for the sector [2][4][6]. Core Insights - The Fed is expected to initiate an easing cycle, with a strong case for a 50bp cut due to current restrictive policy levels and a shift in risk balance [4][5][6]. - Economic projections indicate a forecasted GDP growth of 2.1% for 2024, with an unemployment rate expected to rise to 4.2% [7]. - The report anticipates a total of 100bp of cuts in 2024 and 150bp in 2025, supporting a soft landing for the economy [6][8]. Economic Data Summary - Core PCE inflation is projected to rise by 0.14% month-over-month, with a year-over-year rate of 2.7% [43][48]. - Retail sales are expected to show a modest increase of 0.3% excluding autos, while overall retail sales may decline by 0.2% due to lower vehicle sales [25][26]. - Industrial production is forecasted to increase by 0.8% month-over-month, rebounding from previous declines [22][24]. - Jobless claims are projected to fall to 225,000, indicating a stable labor market [32][33]. Inflation and Price Trends - CPI inflation showed a core increase of 0.28% month-over-month, stabilizing the year-over-year rate at 3.2% [43][44]. - Food prices rose by 0.1% month-over-month, while energy prices declined by 0.8% [45][48]. - The report highlights a significant increase in airline fares by 3.9% month-over-month, marking the largest gain in over two years [45]. Housing Market Insights - Existing home sales are expected to decline by 2.5% month-over-month, reflecting a slowdown in the housing market [37][38]. - Housing starts are projected to rebound by 6-7% month-over-month, reversing previous declines attributed to weather impacts [29][31]. Manufacturing Sector Overview - The Philadelphia Fed manufacturing index is expected to edge up to -5.0, indicating slight improvement in manufacturing conditions [34][35]. - The employment index in manufacturing remains weak, suggesting ongoing challenges in the labor market [23]. Consumer Sentiment and Spending - Consumer sentiment is gradually improving, with expectations for inflation remaining stable [46]. - The report indicates that lower gasoline prices may support real spending in the upcoming quarter [25].

J P M O R G A N North America Fixed Income Strategy 13 September 2024 Phoebe White AC (1-212) 834-3092 phoebe.a.white@jpmorgan.com J.P. Morgan Securities LLC Liam L Wash (1-212) 834-5230 liam.wash@jpmchase.com J.P. Morgan Securities LLC • Economics: Core CPI surprised to the upside, rising 0.28% in August supported by a jump in OER. We continue to expect the Fed will lower the policy rate by 50bp at next week's FOMC meeting. We expect the median dots will show 100bp of easing by YE24 and another 150bp of ea ...

Embrace data to accelerate sustainability Contents Executive summary 4 The business case for sustainability is compelling 5 Poor reporting and data challenges obscure sustainability efforts 7 Integrate ESG data for enhanced transparency 10 Conclusion 13 Methodology 14 Partner with Capgemini 16 Ask the experts 17 Key contacts 18 Acknowledgments 19 Endnotes 20 2 Embrace Data to Accelerate Sustainability Introduction As the planet warms, climaterelated disasters and illnesses are becoming more frequent. The co ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry but indicates that companies with stronger relative Nature Performance trade at modest premiums to laggard peers [2][13]. Core Insights - The report highlights the increasing focus on Nature and Biodiversity as a critical area for corporate sustainability strategies and sustainable investors, driven by various catalysts such as the need for Nature-based solutions and the physical and financial risks associated with biodiversity loss [5][6][8]. - The GS SUSTAIN Nature Tool is introduced as a framework to measure corporate transparency and performance related to biodiversity, aiming to provide investors with a clearer understanding of companies' impacts on nature [10][33]. Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Nature is gaining momentum as a focus area for corporate sustainability strategies, with five catalysts identified: the need for Nature-based solutions, efficiency improvements, risks of biodiversity loss, permitting processes for land development, and responses to the Global Biodiversity Framework [5][6][19]. GS SUSTAIN Nature Tool - The GS SUSTAIN Nature Tool measures corporate exposure, transparency, and performance related to biodiversity through a framework that includes assessing business activities, plans, and performance metrics [10][33]. Biodiversity Transparency and Performance - The report emphasizes that while data on biodiversity is scarce, existing data can provide context for company analysis, revealing that few companies have sector-leading plans and performance on relevant indicators [11][12]. - Companies with strong Nature Performance are observed to trade at a premium, while those with strong transparency plans tend to trade at a discount [13][24]. Stock Performance - Nature Performance leaders have underperformed compared to laggard peers and the MSCI ACWI since early 2022, indicating potential discovery value for companies with strong performance-driven outcomes [14][40]. - Nature Plan/Transparency leaders have shown similar stock performance to laggards, with both outperforming the MSCI ACWI in certain sectors [41][44]. Nature & Biodiversity Adopters and Enablers - Investors are likely to focus on sectors with high potential negative impacts on biodiversity, such as Food & Beverage and Metals & Mining [22]. - Companies providing adaptive solutions to mitigate nature-related risks are expected to gain investor favor, highlighting the importance of water resiliency, land management, and technology solutions [23][24]. GS SUSTAIN Nature Framework and Relative Valuation - The report notes that while Nature Performance leaders trade at a premium, Nature Plan leaders consistently trade at a discount, suggesting that the market rewards performance-driven outcomes over mere disclosure [24][35].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the agriculture and rural connectivity sectors in Togo. Core Insights - The Public Finance Review emphasizes the need for improved public investment management to accelerate rural development and structural transformation in Togo, where 50% of the population living under the national poverty line relies on agriculture as their primary income source [12][29]. - The report highlights that low agricultural productivity and inadequate rural connectivity hinder economic growth and poverty reduction, necessitating a holistic approach that combines agricultural advancements with infrastructure development [12][29]. - It identifies that public investment can mobilize private sector investment, especially when fiscal constraints limit public funding, and suggests reforms to enhance the business environment and governance [14][28]. Summary by Sections Country Context and Challenges - Togo has faced significant challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic and global trade disruptions, but managed to maintain robust growth with public investment reaching 9.7% of GDP in 2022, up from 3.2% in 2019 [19]. - Despite growth, structural transformation has been limited, with stagnant agricultural productivity and poor connectivity between rural and urban areas contributing to persistent poverty [19][20]. Public Investment Management and Structural Transformation - The report assesses the quality of public investment management in Togo, noting that while there has been progress in project selectivity, inefficiencies remain in budgeting and transparency [40]. - It emphasizes that improving public investment efficiency could significantly enhance infrastructure quality without additional budget resources, with potential gains of 14% to 37% by matching the efficiency of peer countries [13][43]. Agriculture Sector - The agriculture sector in Togo is characterized by low productivity, with only 37% of households using fertilizers and 8% using improved seeds, leading to reliance on self-subsistence farming [20][21]. - The report suggests that improving access to agricultural inputs and enhancing public sector governance are critical for boosting productivity and food security [15][16]. Energy Sector - Rural electrification is a major constraint, with only 25% of the rural population having access to electricity, which limits agricultural modernization and productivity [17][25]. - The report recommends reforms in the electricity tariff structure and governance of public utilities to improve rural electrification and support renewable energy solutions [17][25]. Transport Sector - Despite significant investments in rural road connectivity, many roads remain unpaved and poorly maintained, with 37% of the rural population living more than two kilometers from an all-weather road [18][26]. - The report calls for improved road asset management and prioritization of climate-resilient road designs to enhance rural access and agricultural productivity [18][26].

Policy Research Working Paper 10914 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-------|-------|--------------------------------------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | Why Did Support for Climate Policies | | | | | | Decline in Europe and Central Asia? | | | | | | | | | | | | Alexandru Cojocaru | | | | | | Michael Lokshin Iván Torre | | | Europe and Central Asia Region & Poverty and Equity Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Dis ...

Policy Research Working Paper 10916 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-----------------------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | How Well Did Real-Time Indicators Track | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Household Welfare Changes in Developing | | | | | | | | Countries during the COVID-19 Crisis? | | | | | | | David Newhouse Rachel Swindle Shun Wang Joshua D. Merfeld Utz Pape Kibrom Tafere Mic ...