Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The focus is on the AI networking sector, particularly the advancements in CPO (Coherent Passive Optical) technology and its implications for data centers and optical interconnects [1][2][3]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **CPO Technology Developments**: - Coherent has secured a significant order from a leading AI data center client for its CPO system, with initial revenue expected to start in Q4 2026 and become more substantial in 2027 [1]. - Lumentum has also received commitments worth hundreds of millions for Scale-out CPO CWLasers, with mass production contributions anticipated to begin in H1 2027 [1]. 2. **Market Projections**: - It is estimated that laser suppliers like LITE and COHR will have a combined order value of $400 million in 2027, leading to the shipment of approximately 80,000 Scale-out CPO switches that year [1]. - Nvidia is expected to accelerate the rollout of Scale-out CPO switches, with projected shipments of 2,000 units in 2025, 20,000 in 2026, and 80,000 in 2027 [2]. 3. **Nvidia's Product Launches**: - Nvidia plans to launch its Quantum-X Scale-out CPO switch in H2 2025 and Spectrum-X in H2 2026, with the first generation featuring a pluggable architecture [2]. - The new generation CPO switch is anticipated to have significant improvements in thermal performance and bandwidth, with production ramping up in Q2 2026 [2]. 4. **Long-term Opportunities**: - Lumentum highlighted that as copper interconnects approach their limits, optical Scale-up presents a long-term structural opportunity starting from late 2027 [3]. - Nvidia is expected to introduce CPO/NPO technology within its NVL576 architecture for Scale-up interconnects, indicating a competitive landscape between CPO and NPO technologies [3]. 5. **Beneficiary Companies**: - Key beneficiaries identified include FAU, CWLaser, ELSFP modules, and Shuffle components suppliers [4]. - Lumentum is viewed positively due to the upward demand for CWLasers, while the impact on Coherent is considered neutral [4]. - Browave is expected to benefit significantly due to its 50% market share in the CPO Shuttle Box sector, with production ramping up in Q2 2026 [4]. Additional Important Insights - The competition between CPO and NPO technologies is expected to continue, with both solutions sharing the same suppliers, indicating a complex supply chain dynamic [3]. - The overall market for Scale-up CPO is seen as a pure incremental opportunity for the optical interconnect supply chain, aimed at replacing copper interconnects without affecting Scale-out solutions [3].

Summary of NVIDIA's Optical Interconnection Developments Company Overview - **Company**: NVIDIA (Ticker: NVDA US) - **Industry**: AI Networking and Optical Interconnection Key Points Industry Developments - NVIDIA is expected to incorporate CPO (Co-Packaged Optics) into its 2027 Rubin Ultra architecture, following Google's adoption of OCS (Optical Circuit Switching) for its TPU V7, which interconnects over 9,000 chips, surpassing NVIDIA's projected deployment of 576 dies in 2027 [1][2] - The transition to CPO for rack-to-rack interconnects is anticipated to enhance power consumption, latency, density, and cost efficiency compared to AOC (Active Optical Cable) [2] Product and Technology Insights - NVIDIA's scale-up optical solutions may arrive sooner than expected, with CPO being considered for the 576-die architecture starting in the second half of 2027 [2] - Compute trays and switch trays will continue to use PCB backplane connectivity, while rack-to-rack interconnects are likely to adopt CPO-based optical interconnects [2] - The scale-up CPO presents an incremental opportunity for the optical interconnect supply chain, with key beneficiaries including companies like LITE, Sumitomo, and Browave [3] Market Expectations - NVIDIA's scale-out CPO switch is projected to have deployment figures of 2,000, 20,000, and 35,000 units in 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [4] - The anticipated demand for NVIDIA's OIO (Optical Interconnection) solution is expected to coincide with the Feynman architecture, driving demand for CW lasers, FAUs, and optical engines [4] Risks - Potential risks include deceleration in AI demand, geopolitical uncertainties, and increased competition within the industry [5] Rating and Performance Expectations - NVIDIA is rated as a "Buy," indicating an expectation to outperform the benchmark by more than 15% [6] Additional Considerations - The report emphasizes that the CPO penetration rate may not be significant in the 1.6T generation due to factors such as maturity and technical reliability [4] - The supply chain for scale-up CPO is similar to that of scale-out CPO, indicating a consistent market structure [3] This summary encapsulates the critical insights and projections regarding NVIDIA's advancements in optical interconnection technology and its implications for the industry.