Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant advancements in urban water conservation through technology, institutional support, and innovative reforms, highlighting successful case studies and future goals for water resource management in China [1][3][4]. Group 1: Technological Innovations - The water resource regeneration plant in Ordos City has achieved a 95% recycling rate of photovoltaic wastewater through advanced treatment processes [1]. - A laboratory in Shanghai has successfully reduced water supply network leakage from 27% to 3.61% through technological breakthroughs in urban water conservation [2]. Group 2: Institutional Support - The establishment of water-saving regulations in cities like Jinan has provided a framework for sustainable groundwater management and conservation efforts [3]. - Various regions are enhancing their water-saving institutional frameworks, including the implementation of a comprehensive policy system for urban water conservation [4]. Group 3: Market Mechanisms - The signing of a water rights trading agreement in Yunnan, involving a transaction of 25 million cubic meters, illustrates the growing trend of water rights trading as a means to optimize water resource allocation [5]. - In 2024, the national water rights trading volume reached 1.37 billion cubic meters, marking a 154.7% increase year-on-year, showcasing the effectiveness of market-driven water conservation strategies [6]. Group 4: Future Goals - The Ministry of Water Resources aims to exceed 23 billion cubic meters of unconventional water utilization by 2025, indicating a strong commitment to enhancing water resource management [2]. - By 2035, China plans to establish a water-saving institutional policy system that aligns with the goals of achieving socialist modernization [4].

Core Viewpoint - Nanjing is actively enhancing its water environment through the construction of "happy rivers and lakes," focusing on ecological restoration and improving water quality, with a goal to create a harmonious relationship between people and water [1][3][4]. Group 1: Water Quality and Environmental Management - Nanjing has achieved a 100% compliance rate for water quality in 42 national and provincial monitoring points, with a continuous six-year record of being the best in the province [1]. - The city has built 502 "happy rivers and lakes" and plans to create an additional 40 by the end of the year, emphasizing unique characteristics and ecological restoration [4]. - The implementation of a three-year action plan (2023-2025) aims to address issues in the underground drainage system, with over 1,200 kilometers inspected and 280 kilometers identified for urgent maintenance [6][9]. Group 2: Innovative Water Management Solutions - Nanjing is utilizing aquatic plants to purify water in historical sites, demonstrating a novel approach to ecological restoration [2]. - The city is enhancing its sewage treatment capacity by expanding existing facilities and constructing new ones, which will significantly improve the efficiency of wastewater management [5][7]. - The introduction of digital monitoring systems for urban water management allows for real-time data collection and efficient emergency responses during flooding events [10][11]. Group 3: Water Resource Efficiency - Nanjing faces a significant water scarcity issue, with per capita local water resources at approximately 400 cubic meters, below the international threshold for severe water scarcity [12]. - The city aims to reduce water consumption per unit of GDP to 20 cubic meters by 2024, reflecting an 18% decrease from 2020 levels, showcasing improved water efficiency [12]. - The promotion of recycled water usage is underway, with a target to increase the utilization rate to 25% this year, supporting various applications such as irrigation and road cleaning [13][14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of recycled water as a sustainable solution to urban water shortages, highlighting the innovative approaches taken by China Water Environment Group in utilizing recycled water as a reliable secondary water source [1][2][3]. Group 1: Recycled Water Utilization - The scale of unconventional water utilization in China reached 21.23 billion cubic meters in 2023, with recycled water becoming a stable secondary water source for some cities [1]. - China Water Environment Group has contributed 6.5 billion tons of recycled water resources over the past decade across 22 provinces, aiding in alleviating water resource shortages and improving ecological quality [1][2]. - The distributed subsurface recycled water plants are designed to collect, treat, and reuse urban wastewater locally, creating a multi-scenario water network that supports production, ecology, and daily life [2][3]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The subsurface recycled water plants save approximately 30% in overall investment compared to traditional wastewater treatment facilities by reducing the need for extensive pipeline networks [3]. - The plants provide ecological replenishment to local water bodies and supply municipal, landscaping, and firefighting water, achieving 100% utilization of water, land, and green energy resources [3][4]. Group 3: Policy and Future Outlook - The implementation of policies such as the "14th Five-Year Plan for Water-Saving Society Construction" is expected to boost the recycled water industry, with projected utilization rates of over 25% in major cities by 2025 [3][4]. - Each cubic meter of recycled water reused equates to saving one cubic meter of clean water and reducing carbon emissions by approximately 0.86 kilograms, indicating significant potential for urban wastewater utilization [3][4]. Group 4: Environmental Impact - Recycled water utilization plays a crucial role in reducing water pollution and lowering carbon emissions from pollution control and water resource development, aligning with the dual carbon goals [4][5]. - China Water Environment Group's initiatives in promoting the resource utilization of wastewater and sludge have positioned it as a national benchmark for green wastewater treatment facilities [5].