Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing presence of "second-generation" individuals, who benefit from their family backgrounds, in various industries and the implications for social mobility and competition among different talent levels [3][4][5]. Group 1: Impact of Second-Generation Individuals - The presence of second-generation individuals may block some social mobility opportunities, but their impact is not as significant on truly talented individuals [3][5]. - The real competition arises between those with average to above-average talent who are hardworking and second-generation individuals who may have less ability but possess advantageous backgrounds [4][5]. - In stable environments, second-generation individuals tend to thrive, as these settings often do not require high levels of creativity or innovation [6][8]. Group 2: Industry Dynamics - Second-generation individuals are less likely to engage in high-tech or entrepreneurial roles, which are typically reserved for highly talented or risk-taking individuals [5][6]. - Industries that have become stable and less dynamic tend to attract more second-generation individuals, leading to a reliance on background rather than merit [8][9]. - The construction industry serves as an example of a sector that has shifted from a growth phase to a stable phase, making it difficult for individuals without connections to succeed [8][9]. Group 3: Transparency and Fairness - The article emphasizes the importance of transparency and public accountability in mitigating the advantages held by second-generation individuals [11][12]. - Publicizing achievements and qualifications can create a system of checks and balances that holds individuals accountable, thereby increasing fairness in advancement opportunities [12][14]. - The trend towards transparency is seen as irreversible, reflecting societal progress and a growing consensus against nepotism [16][17].

Group 1 - The term "老登" (Old Deng) has evolved from a local dialect in Shandong to refer to middle-aged men with inappropriate behavior, often used in a derogatory context [2][3] - "老登" has three negative connotations: moral criticism, behavioral disgust, and generational conflict, often used by younger people to mock older individuals who are seen as outdated or self-righteous [3][4] - The concept of "鄙视链" (contempt chain) is central to understanding the cultural dynamics associated with "老登," where individuals express superiority based on cultural capital [4][27] Group 2 - Cultural capital, as defined by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, is a key factor in social stratification, influencing education, career choices, and social status [22][23] - Cultural capital exists in three forms: embodied (knowledge and skills), objectified (cultural products), and institutionalized (degrees and certifications) [23][24][25] - The contempt chain created by cultural capital can be more powerful than financial or social capital, allowing individuals to assert superiority even when lacking in wealth or connections [30][29]