Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their foundational contributions to the field of immune tolerance [2][5] - Their work identified regulatory T cells as "guardians" of the immune system, preventing it from harming the body [3][6] - The discoveries have paved the way for potential therapies currently under clinical evaluation, which may treat or cure autoimmune diseases and improve cancer therapies [7][6] Group 1 - The Nobel laureates provided decisive insights into the mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases [8] - In 2001, Brunkow and Ramsdell made a key discovery explaining why a specific mouse strain (scurfy) is particularly prone to autoimmune diseases, linked to a mutation in the Foxp3 gene [9][10] - Sakaguchi discovered a new class of T cells, demonstrating the complexity of the immune system beyond the previously believed central tolerance process [11][12][13] Group 2 - The announcement of the award marks the beginning of the 2025 Nobel Prize season, which runs from October 6 to 13 [22] - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 115 times since 1901, with a total of 229 laureates, none of whom have won the award more than once [22] - The Nobel Prize season is viewed as an important window for insights into future industry trends, with a growing emphasis on interdisciplinary research [23][24][25]

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Dr. Mary E. Brunkow, Dr. Fred Ramsdell, and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in the mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance [1][1][1] - Their identification of regulatory T cells as "guardians" of the immune system is crucial for preventing immune cells from attacking the body [1][1][1] - The findings have significant implications for understanding immune system functions and the reasons why not everyone suffers from severe autoimmune diseases [1][1][1] Research and Development Impact - The discoveries have pioneered the field of peripheral immune tolerance, advancing treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases [1][1][1] - There is potential for increased success rates in transplant surgeries due to these findings [1][1][1] - Some related therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials, indicating ongoing research and development in this area [1][1][1]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be awarded to Professor Shimon Sakaguchi from Osaka University and two others for their discovery of regulatory T cells that inhibit immune responses, paving the way for new therapies for autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer [2][4]. Group 1 - The awarded research focuses on the core mechanisms of the immune system [4]. - The discovery of regulatory T cells acts as a "brake" on immune responses [2]. - This research opens new avenues for developing therapies for various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer [4].