Core Points - The return of the "Zidan Ku" silk manuscripts, specifically the second volume "Wuxing Ling" and the third volume "Gongshou Zhan," marks a significant cultural heritage cooperation success between China and the United States, enhancing cultural exchanges and friendship between the two nations [6][8][12] - The "Zidan Ku" silk manuscripts, discovered in 1942, are the only known silk manuscripts from the Warring States period, consisting of three volumes with over 900 characters, making them invaluable for the study of ancient Chinese philosophy, military strategy, and early Chinese writing [9][10][11] - The manuscripts' return is part of a broader effort by China to reclaim cultural artifacts lost overseas, with recent progress highlighted by the return of 213 items in 2024 from various countries, including the United States [14][15] Summary by Sections Cultural Significance - The "Zidan Ku" silk manuscripts are crucial for understanding ancient Chinese thought, military tactics, and the development of early Chinese characters, with the "Wuxing Ling" and "Gongshou Zhan" providing insights into lunar calendars and military strategies [9][10][11] - The manuscripts are considered the earliest known silk texts in China, contributing significantly to the fields of ancient literature and historical studies [9][10] Return Process - The return of the manuscripts was facilitated by a combination of legal frameworks, including the 1970 UNESCO Convention and the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention, which address the illegal export and transfer of cultural property [11][12] - The successful negotiation for the return involved extensive research into the manuscripts' provenance and historical context, culminating in a formal request submitted to the Smithsonian Institution [12][13] International Cooperation - The return of the manuscripts reflects a growing trend in international cooperation regarding cultural heritage, with the "Qingdao Proposal" serving as a framework for addressing the repatriation of artifacts acquired through colonial or unethical means [14][17] - The collaboration between Chinese authorities and U.S. institutions, such as the Smithsonian, highlights the importance of ethical stewardship in museum practices and the potential for future partnerships in cultural heritage preservation [13][14]

据悉，史密森学会2022年4月发布《关于共同管理与道德性返还的价值与原则性声明》，对非道德方式 获取的馆藏文物实施道德性返还正式成为其收藏管理政策的一部分。在关注到该声明后，国家文物局启 动子弹库帛书溯源及历史研究、追索返还工作，于2023年底就文物的非法流失形成扎实完整的证据链， 2024年4月向史密森学会提交要求返还的备忘录，正式启动对《五行令》《攻守占》的追索工作。 2024年，中国联合18个文物原属国联合发布《关于保护和返还殖民背景下流失或通过其他非正义、非道 德方式获取之文物的青岛建议书》（简称《青岛建议书》），提出解决历史上流失文物追索返还这一国 际性难题的原创性中国方案。 当地时间5月16日，国家文物局在中国驻美国大使馆接收美国史密森学会国立亚洲艺术博物馆返还的子 弹库帛书《五行令》《攻守占》。 【环球时报报道 记者 李萌 陈茜】5月18日凌晨3时55分，迄今发现的中国最早的帛书——子弹库帛书第 二卷《五行令》、第三卷《攻守占》，结束在美国的79载漂泊，乘机抵达北京首都国际机场，回到祖 国。中国政法大学教授霍政欣18日接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，此次返还是中国探索通过"溯源 研究+主动追索" ...