Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce has preliminarily ruled that Chinese key battery components, specifically active anode materials, are receiving substantial government subsidies, paving the way for potential anti-subsidy tariffs [1][3] - The investigation, initiated on December 18, 2024, was prompted by a complaint from the U.S. Active Anode Materials Producers Alliance regarding subsidy issues, with findings indicating that two Chinese companies did not fully cooperate, leading to a presumed subsidy rate exceeding 700% for them, while other Chinese companies faced a 6.55% rate [1][3] - Active anode materials are crucial for electric vehicle batteries, directly impacting performance, lifespan, and safety, with China supplying a significant portion of the world's graphite, accounting for 59% of U.S. natural graphite and 68% of synthetic graphite imports [1][3] Group 2 - The U.S. House of Representatives passed the "Decoupling from Foreign Adversaries Act" in March, which prohibits the Department of Homeland Security from purchasing batteries from six Chinese companies, including CATL and BYD, aiming to reduce China's dominance in the battery supply chain [3][5] - China has preemptively taken measures in response to U.S. actions, including listing battery cathode material preparation technology and lithium iron phosphate preparation technology in its export restriction catalog, highlighting its significant role in the global lithium battery supply chain [5][7] - The U.S. attempts to restrict Chinese battery materials are driven by both economic competition and military strategic considerations, as advanced military equipment increasingly relies on high-performance batteries [5][7] Group 3 - The U.S. strategy to impose tariffs on Chinese battery materials is unlikely to achieve its intended goals, as China's strong position in the battery industry is difficult to undermine, and such tariffs could harm U.S. industries and consumers while provoking stronger Chinese countermeasures [7]