Core Viewpoint - The pharmaceutical distribution industry is characterized by three main business models: wholesale, retail, and various new distribution models, each with distinct operational dynamics and market implications [1]. Group 1: Wholesale Model - The wholesale model, also known as the distribution model, involves selling pharmaceuticals and medical devices in bulk to entities that directly interact with consumers, such as medical institutions and retail pharmacies [4]. - The third terminal in the wholesale model is increasingly favored by internet hospitals, indicating a shift towards digital integration in pharmaceutical distribution [4]. Group 2: Retail Model - The retail model involves retail pharmacies purchasing pharmaceutical products from manufacturers or other distributors and selling them to individual consumers, generating profit from the price difference [7]. - Although the retail model operates on a smaller scale compared to wholesale, it boasts higher profit margins, making it an attractive segment within the pharmaceutical distribution landscape [7]. Group 3: Internet Retail Model - The internet retail model encompasses various online platforms, including internet hospitals and pharmaceutical e-commerce, facilitating diagnosis and drug sales through digital channels [9]. - This model includes B2B, B2C, and O2O formats, reflecting the growing trend of digital transformation in the pharmaceutical sector [9]. Group 4: Third-Party Cold Chain Logistics - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for a modern, intelligent pharmaceutical supply chain, focusing on enhancing networked, scaled, and specialized logistics services [12]. - Third-party cold chain logistics offer significant advantages, such as reducing initial investment costs for pharmaceutical companies and ensuring temperature-controlled transport, which is crucial for maintaining drug quality [12]. - These logistics providers can effectively manage reverse logistics and product recalls through advanced tracking and data exchange systems, thereby minimizing losses and ensuring compliance with quality standards [12].