高海燕说，她这一代人身上带有浓重的家国情怀，在人生的每 一个拐点上，她都做过大胆的选择，却从未想到自己会成为煤 老板。 作者： 田国宝 封图：受访者供图 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲历者的故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图 谱。 2025年11月上旬，高海燕与志愿者团队来到陕西省榆林市的米脂中学和牛家梁初级中学，参加"K12国家义务教育AI智慧教学公开课"。她与学生们一 起听课，和老师们深入交流，并对教学设备提出优化建议。 高海燕是常乐堡矿业有限公司（下称"常乐堡煤矿"）的老板，今年70岁，一头干练的短发，说话轻声细语，走路风风火火。这个形象很难让人将她 与"煤老板"这个时代色彩浓厚的标签联系起来。 AI智慧教学是高海燕于2022年发起成立的公益组织"春苗计划"的核心项目之一。目前，"春苗计划"已在榆林地区资助8所乡村学校试点AI智慧教学，涉 及近4000名中小学生和250余名教师。 榆林是高海燕的祖籍。20世纪30年代，她的父亲曾在米脂中学就读，不过，高海燕从小在新疆长大，1978年考上大学，之后读了硕士、博士，毕业后 成为公务员、香港大学访 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the necessity of defining data property rights in the context of the evolving digital economy, contrasting it with traditional industrial economic theories [2][6] - It highlights the unique characteristics of data, such as externalities, non-competitiveness, and low-cost replication, which challenge existing property rights frameworks [3][4][8] Data Characteristics - Data circulation and usage can lead to complex externalities, including positive externalities that enhance productivity without cost to businesses, and negative externalities like privacy breaches and data monopolies [3] - Data is non-competitive, allowing multiple users to access the same data without diminishing its availability, leading to increasing returns [3] - The cost of replicating data is low, with significant reductions in variable costs due to advancements in digital technology, enabling rapid distribution and storage of information [4] Property Rights Discussion - The article questions the need for property rights in data, suggesting that traditional economic theories may not apply due to data's unique characteristics [4][6] - It emphasizes the importance of exploring data's formation and value addition to understand property rights, rather than relying on outdated industrial economic frameworks [6][7] Data Value Creation - Data transitions from a resource to a valuable element through processes like collection, storage, transmission, and analysis, which are essential for its value realization [7] - The value of data can be enhanced not only through transactions but also within platform ecosystems where data interacts with computational power and algorithms [7][8] Key Research Areas - The article identifies several critical areas for further research, including individual data rights, the structure of rights in data value formation, and the distribution of rights and value among platforms and consumers [8][9] - It raises questions about consumer rights regarding data generated from their activities and the rights of platforms in utilizing this data for value creation [8]