Core Insights - The article discusses the unique longevity and cancer resistance of the bowhead whale, which can live over 200 years, and highlights the role of a specific protein, Cold-inducible RNA-binding Protein (CIRBP), in DNA repair and genomic stability [3][6][11]. Group 1: Bowhead Whale Longevity - The bowhead whale has a lifespan exceeding 200 years, which is significantly longer than that of other mammals, such as mice, which live only 2-3 years [2]. - Despite its large size (over 80 tons) and the expectation of high cancer rates due to DNA mutations, the bowhead whale exhibits low cancer incidence, suggesting a unique genetic mechanism for cancer prevention [2][11]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in Nature identified CIRBP as a key protein activated in cold environments that aids in repairing DNA double-strand breaks, contributing to the bowhead whale's longevity and low cancer risk [3][6]. - The research demonstrated that expressing CIRBP in human cells enhances DNA repair capabilities, and in fruit flies, it extends lifespan and increases resistance to DNA-damaging radiation [9][11]. Group 3: Implications for Human Health - The findings suggest that enhancing DNA repair mechanisms could provide significant opportunities for extending human lifespan and improving health [4][11]. - The study indicates that bowhead whales maintain genomic integrity not by relying on additional anti-cancer genes but through superior DNA repair processes [11].

Core Viewpoint - Scientists are investigating the genetic secrets of exceptionally long-lived animals to find clues for extending human healthspan and lifespan [1] Group 1: Research Focus - The research encompasses various species, from hummingbirds to whales, exploring aspects such as cancer resistance and immune system regulation [1] - The study utilizes DNA and cellular component analysis to draw insights from nature for potential human longevity [1] Group 2: Longevity Examples - **Turritopsis dohrnii (Immortal Jellyfish)**: This species can reverse its life cycle in response to threats, showcasing a unique biological mechanism [2] - **Hummingbirds**: Despite their small size, some species live over 10 years, potentially due to their efficient energy extraction from food and mitochondrial activity suppression [5] - **Elephants**: Known for their low cancer rates, elephants possess multiple versions of the TP53 gene, which aids in DNA repair and cell elimination [7] - **Greenland Shark**: Estimated to live between 272 to 512 years, possibly due to a slow metabolism from its cold habitat [8] - **Naked Mole Rat**: This underground-dwelling rodent can live over 40 years and may provide insights into resistance against aging-related diseases [10]