撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 裸鼹鼠 （ Heterocephalus glaber ） 是一种寿命极长的啮齿类动物，其 寿命可达 30-40 年，是同体型啮齿动物 （例如小鼠） 寿命的 10 倍以上。 一直以来， 裸鼹鼠 因为其 长寿 和 抵抗衰老相关疾病 （包括 癌症 、 心血管疾病 、 神经退行性疾病 ） 的强大能力而备受科学界关注。 尽管人们认为其超长寿 命是由影响多种生物过程的多种适应性变化共同作用的结果，但保护裸鼹鼠免受基因组不稳定 （衰老的主要标志） 影响的分子机制，目前仍不清楚。 DNA 修复 是维持基因组稳定的关键机制。早在 2018 年，同济大学 戈宝学 、 毛志勇 合作团队在 Nature 期刊发表论文，发现在人类细胞中，DNA 传感器 cGAS 通过抑制同源重组 （HR） 途径参与调控 DNA 双链断裂的修复，从而 促进基因组不稳定 。尽管 DNA 修复蛋白功能的增强有助于长寿的进化，但进化是 否选择减弱诸如 cGAS 这样的负调控因子，仍不得而知。 裸鼹鼠 在这项发表于 Science 期刊的最新研究中，研究团队发现，与人类及小鼠的 cGAS 相比， 裸鼹鼠的 cGAS 增 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant contributions of Chinese scholars in the latest issue of the journal Nature, with 12 out of 24 papers authored by them, indicating a strong presence in cutting-edge research [1][25]. Group 1: Research on Health and Medicine - A study from Zhaoquan Wang at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reveals that high fructose intake in early life impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment, potentially increasing anxiety risk during adolescence [1]. - Research by Yang Wei from the NIH discusses the dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions involved in non-homologous end joining, providing insights into DNA repair mechanisms [4]. - A paper from Gaoqun Zhang at the Max Planck Institute explores the developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin of thymic mimetic cells, shedding light on immune system development [10]. - A study by Lingjie Sang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center identifies glycosaminoglycan-driven lipoprotein uptake as a key mechanism for cancer cells to resist ferroptosis, suggesting a new target for cancer therapy [11]. Group 2: Innovations in Technology and Materials - Research by Jianmin Liang at Arizona State University presents a fully open AI foundation model for chest radiography, outperforming existing models in detecting rare chest diseases [2][4]. - A study from Jack Chun-Ting Liu at Stanford University discovers genes enabling the biosynthesis of baccatin III, a precursor for the anticancer drug paclitaxel, addressing the challenge of sourcing sufficient quantities from natural plants [3]. - A paper from Jia Liu at Harvard University introduces a flexible neural implant that grows with the brain, promising advancements in treating neurological disorders [5]. - Research from Zheng Guo at the University of Science and Technology of China demonstrates a new method to enhance the lifespan of perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieving brightness over 1.16 million nits and a lifespan exceeding 180,000 hours [7]. Group 3: Environmental and Earth Sciences - A study by Jianghui Du at ETH Zurich challenges traditional views on marine biogeochemistry, indicating that various trace elements in the ocean originate from the seafloor [6]. - Research by Peng Gao at Peking University investigates phonon transport dynamics across interfaces, providing insights for thermal interface engineering [8]. - A paper from Wei-Yu Qian at Leibniz University presents the preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope, which could open new opportunities for energy storage concepts [9].