Core Viewpoint - The integration of photovoltaic (PV) technology with ecological restoration in Gansu has transformed desert areas into productive pastures, creating a sustainable model that combines energy production with environmental benefits [1][8]. Group 1: Photovoltaic Industry Development - Gansu has established a robust photovoltaic power generation industry, with an installed capacity exceeding 36 million kilowatts, equivalent to the output of 1.8 Three Gorges Dam projects at full capacity [11]. - The region's flat terrain and abundant sunlight make it particularly suitable for solar energy production [10]. - The PV projects have significantly reduced desertification, with over 10,000 acres of desert being treated through PV installations [36]. Group 2: Ecological Restoration - The PV installations have led to a remarkable ecological transformation, increasing vegetation coverage from a low level to over 80% in some areas [27]. - The environmental improvements include a 30% reduction in water evaporation and a 30-60% increase in soil moisture content [18][35]. - The introduction of PV technology has created a microclimate conducive to plant growth, allowing for the successful cultivation of drought-resistant plants [25]. Group 3: Sustainable Agricultural Practices - The "PV sheep" model has emerged, where livestock graze on the vegetation growing beneath the PV panels, creating a symbiotic relationship between renewable energy production and livestock farming [40]. - As of 2024, the number of "PV sheep" in regions like Jiuquan has surpassed 500,000, contributing to local economies [43]. - This model not only provides income for local herders but also involves them in the maintenance of the PV systems, enhancing the overall sustainability of the project [44]. Group 4: Broader Renewable Energy Landscape - Gansu's renewable energy portfolio includes wind and hydropower, with wind energy capacity exceeding 30 million kilowatts [56]. - The province's hydropower potential is significant due to its location along the upper reaches of the Yellow River, contributing to a diverse energy mix [58]. - By mid-2025, Gansu's total renewable energy capacity is projected to exceed 80 million kilowatts, with renewables accounting for over 40% of the province's total electricity generation [59]. Group 5: Historical Context and Future Implications - The transformation of Gansu's environment reflects a long-standing Chinese tradition of actively modifying nature to improve living conditions [66]. - The success of the "PV pasture" model demonstrates a new approach to sustainable development, merging economic viability with ecological restoration [47][51]. - This innovative practice not only addresses environmental challenges but also aligns with national ecological strategies, showcasing a model for future renewable energy projects [50].