Core Insights - The article discusses the recent Nobel Prize winners and highlights the significance of their contributions to science, particularly in the fields of medicine, chemistry, and physics [5][39]. Group 1: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - The winners, including American scientists Mary Brenner and Fred Ramsdell, along with Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi, were recognized for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms [12][16]. - Their work identified regulatory T cells and the Foxp3 gene, which play crucial roles in the immune system's ability to distinguish between harmful invaders and the body's own cells [14][16]. Group 2: Nobel Prize in Chemistry - The chemistry award was given to researchers from Japan, Australia, and the USA for their development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which represent a new approach to molecular architecture [18][25]. - These frameworks have practical applications, such as capturing water vapor for drinking water in arid regions and effectively sequestering carbon dioxide to aid in achieving carbon neutrality [27][28]. Group 3: Nobel Prize in Physics - The physics award was presented to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their contributions to demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [31][35]. - Their findings challenge previous notions that quantum effects only occur at microscopic scales, suggesting that under certain conditions, macroscopic systems can exhibit quantum characteristics [33][37]. Group 4: General Observations - The article notes a shift in focus from AI-related topics in previous years to a more fundamental scientific approach in this year's Nobel Prizes, emphasizing the importance of basic science [39][40]. - It encourages a greater appreciation for the dedication and perseverance of scientists, which ultimately contributes to the advancement of human knowledge and society [40].