Core Viewpoint - The prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases require a layered management approach, particularly focusing on high-risk groups such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, obese individuals, and patients with chronic underlying conditions [1][2][3] Group 1: High-Risk Groups - Respiratory infectious diseases pose a greater threat to high-risk populations compared to healthy individuals, with the elderly, children, and pregnant women being particularly vulnerable to severe cases [1] - Obese individuals face limited lung ventilation due to fat accumulation, while chronic disease patients have weakened immune defenses, increasing the likelihood of complications upon infection [1] Group 2: Symptom Recognition and Treatment - Differentiating between common cold, flu, and other respiratory diseases is crucial, as symptoms may overlap but treatment approaches differ significantly [2] - Key symptoms indicating potential severe illness include persistent fever over 38°C for more than three days, severe cough affecting sleep, difficulty breathing, or exacerbation of chronic conditions [2] - Antiviral treatment should be initiated within 48 hours for flu-like cases, emphasizing the importance of timely medical intervention [2] Group 3: Prevention Strategies - A three-pronged approach to prevention is recommended: prioritize vaccination for high-risk groups, maintain hygiene practices during peak disease periods, and promote a healthy lifestyle to enhance respiratory immunity [2] - Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal diseases is particularly emphasized for the elderly and chronic disease patients to reduce severe illness rates [2] Group 4: Scientific Approach to Management - A scientific framework for managing respiratory diseases should avoid extremes such as panic buying of medications or complete neglect, focusing instead on early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment [3] - Public awareness of disease trends and a structured management approach can help build a robust defense against respiratory health issues [3]