Group 1 - The current technological revolution and industrial transformation are advancing rapidly, with a profound change in scientific research paradigms and interdisciplinary integration, making national innovation systems a new focus of global technological competition [1] - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's technological innovation capabilities have steadily improved, with significant achievements in the construction of the national innovation system, including leading positions in R&D investment, personnel, and infrastructure [1] - China's comprehensive innovation capability ranking has improved from 14th in 2020 to 10th in 2024, with major technological achievements in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and deep-sea and deep-earth exploration [1] Group 2 - Historical experience indicates that a country's strength depends on its innovation capability, which must be systematic and comprehensive; China still faces shortcomings in innovation system layout, resource allocation, and management mechanisms [2] - Basic research is the source of technological innovation, and China is currently in an accelerated phase of basic research, emphasizing the need for a collaborative innovation ecosystem involving national laboratories, universities, and research institutions [2] - The vitality of enterprise innovation directly determines the effectiveness of the national innovation system; there is a need to support leading technology enterprises and enhance cooperation between enterprises, universities, and research institutions [2] Group 3 - Talent is the most active core element in the innovation system, and the competition ultimately revolves around talent; there is a need for comprehensive reforms in education, technology, and talent systems to cultivate a large, well-structured, and high-quality innovative talent pool [3] - The establishment of a dual-channel flow mechanism and a diversified evaluation system for talent is essential to provide intellectual support for the national innovation system [3]