更强的创新实力、科技竞争力，与科技体系化布局带来的创新效能跃升密不可分。近年来，我国加强顶 层设计牵引，完善国家创新体系。从国家战略科技力量布局，到基础研究坚持目标导向和自由探索"两 条腿走路"；从国家集成电路产业投资基金打响芯片"突围战"，到通过新型举国体制推进商业航天发 展，一系列务实之举、长远之策，使得支持全面创新的体制机制加快形成。世界知识产权组织首席经济 学家卡斯滕·芬克这样评价，中国的创新活动近年来表现突出，中国政府对创新体系的规划、持久关注 和支持在其中发挥了重要作用。 不妨看个具体的例子，"自然指数—科研城市"十强中的6个中国城市，不少都来自我国三大国际科创中 心。中央经济工作会议部署三大科创中心建设"扩围提质"，进一步发挥中心城市的龙头辐射带动动能， 将持续有力促进创新生态的集群化发展。 近来，多份国际知名科创榜单显示：中国在科研产出、学科贡献、技术研发能力等方面名列前茅，得到 全球范围内广泛认可。 比如，最新发布的《自然》杂志增刊显示，"自然指数—科研城市"十强中，中国城市占据六席，全球 200强有数十个中国城市上榜；世界知识产权组织《2025年全球创新指数报告》显示，中国跻身全球最 具创 ...

其一，国际竞争加速向基础前沿前移。大国竞争焦点正在从单点技术优势，转向底层理论、关键机理、 核心算法、重大科学装置等更深层次能力的竞争。企业是否有良好的基础研究基础，决定其能否直接 把"前沿原理"转化为"产业范式"。 其二，科技创新和产业创新的边界更加模糊。过去，基础研究到产业应用的周期相对较长，现在周期明 显缩短，基础研究突破常常迅速外溢到工程实现和产业化路径。同时，产业发展中遇到的瓶颈，也越来 越多地回溯到基础研究层面，倒逼在机理、原理、算法与系统架构上实现突破。 其三，企业在国家创新体系中的角色正在升级。企业在一些前沿领域呈现出对科学界的超越，这不仅体 现在资金体量上，还体现在算力、数据、工程平台与人才集聚能力上。在基础研究领域，企业不再只 是"把科学用起来"的一端，而是越来越成为"把科学做出来"的一端，甚至能反过来影响科学问题的提 出、研究范式的形成与技术路线的选择。 中科院院士白春礼：企业在国家创新体系中的角色正在升级 中新社北京12月18日电 (记者 刘亮)中国科学院院士、中国科学院原院长白春礼18日在北京表示，企业 在国家创新体系中的角色正在升级，越来越成为"把科学做出来"的一端。 在当天举行的 ...

我国教育现代化发展总体上跨入世界中上国家行列 党的二十届四中全会是在向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新征程上举行的一次十分重要的会议，全会审议 通过"十五五"规划建议，对一体推进教育科技人才发展、解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题、办好人民满意 的教育、推动人的全面发展等提出明确要求、作出重要部署。为深入学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精 神，本报记者采访了教育部党组书记、部长怀进鹏。 深刻把握教育强国建设的重要意义、丰富内涵和系统部署 记者：如何深刻理解党的二十届四中全会对"十五五"时期教育强国建设作出的战略擘画？ 怀进鹏：习近平总书记的重要讲话和全会审议通过的"十五五"规划建议，着眼统筹教育强国、科技强 国、人才强国建设，深刻把握教育的政治属性、人民属性、战略属性，对未来5年教育强国建设作出顶 层设计和战略擘画。 我们深刻认识到，为党育人、为国育才是教育的初心和使命。"培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养 人"是教育的根本问题，也是教育强国建设的核心课题。立德树人关乎党的事业后继有人，关乎国家前 途命运，从这个意义上说，教育是国之大计、党之大计，必须持之以恒回答好这道"必答题"。 我们深刻认识到，教育、科技、人才已经成为支撑引领 ...

Group 1 - The current technological revolution and industrial transformation are advancing rapidly, with a profound change in scientific research paradigms and interdisciplinary integration, making national innovation systems a new focus of global technological competition [1] - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's technological innovation capabilities have steadily improved, with significant achievements in the construction of the national innovation system, including leading positions in R&D investment, personnel, and infrastructure [1] - China's comprehensive innovation capability ranking has improved from 14th in 2020 to 10th in 2024, with major technological achievements in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and deep-sea and deep-earth exploration [1] Group 2 - Historical experience indicates that a country's strength depends on its innovation capability, which must be systematic and comprehensive; China still faces shortcomings in innovation system layout, resource allocation, and management mechanisms [2] - Basic research is the source of technological innovation, and China is currently in an accelerated phase of basic research, emphasizing the need for a collaborative innovation ecosystem involving national laboratories, universities, and research institutions [2] - The vitality of enterprise innovation directly determines the effectiveness of the national innovation system; there is a need to support leading technology enterprises and enhance cooperation between enterprises, universities, and research institutions [2] Group 3 - Talent is the most active core element in the innovation system, and the competition ultimately revolves around talent; there is a need for comprehensive reforms in education, technology, and talent systems to cultivate a large, well-structured, and high-quality innovative talent pool [3] - The establishment of a dual-channel flow mechanism and a diversified evaluation system for talent is essential to provide intellectual support for the national innovation system [3]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of integrating education, technology, and talent development as a strategic approach to achieving China's modernization goals [1][2][3] Group 1: Strategic Importance - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system and establish a framework for the integrated development of education, technology, and talent [1][2] - Education is identified as the foundation of a strong nation, technology as the primary productive force, and talent as the foremost resource [2] Group 2: Implementation Strategies - National major scientific tasks should be leveraged as key carriers and important scenarios to promote educational and disciplinary development while cultivating talent [3] - Young scientific talents should be positioned at the center of policy, with full trust and opportunities provided for them to take on significant roles [3] - Evaluation, incentive, and burden reduction mechanisms should focus on innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution, reforming project reviews and talent evaluation processes [3] - A global perspective should be maintained to deepen international scientific exchange and cooperation, encouraging high-end talent to lead international projects and establishing a high-tech talent immigration system [3]

新华社记者 齐中熙 魏玉坤 江金权说，制定"十五五"规划建议，系统谋划"十五五"时期经济社会发展，是实现党的二十大描绘 的宏伟蓝图、分阶段有步骤推进中国式现代化的需要，是有效应对复杂严峻的外部环境新变化、在激烈 国际竞争中赢得战略主动的需要，是适应我国发展阶段性要求、深入推动高质量发展的需要，意义重 大。 "全会召开期间，与会同志对《建议》讨论热烈，给予高度评价。普遍认为，《建议》是我们党历 史上又一个重要纲领性文献，指导方针科学精准，发展目标清晰明确，任务举措求真务实，是乘势而 上、接续推进中国式现代化的又一次总动员、总部署，必将对党和国家事业发展产生重大而深远的影 响。"江金权说。 明确指导方针和主要目标 中央财办分管日常工作的副主任、中央农办主任韩文秀介绍说，《建议》准确把握我国发展历史方 位，深入分析国际国内形势，明确了"十五五"时期经济社会发展的指导方针和主要目标。 关于"十五五"时期我国发展环境的总体判断，韩文秀表示，《建议》指出，我国发展处于战略机遇 和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。"十五五"时期，既要乘势而上，又要迎难而上，充分 发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整 ...

Core Points - The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held from October 20 to 23, 2023, in Beijing, where the "Suggestions on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" were reviewed and approved [1] Group 1: Economic Development - The "15th Five-Year" period is crucial for laying the foundation for the basic realization of socialist modernization and has an important transitional role [2] - The focus will be on building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, emphasizing the importance of the real economy and promoting intelligent, green, and integrated development [3] Group 2: Innovation and Technology - There is a strong emphasis on accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system to boost autonomous innovation capabilities [4] Group 3: Domestic Market and Consumption - The plan aims to build a strong domestic market by expanding domestic demand, promoting consumption, and ensuring a close relationship between investment in goods and investment in people [5] Group 4: Rural Development - The session highlighted the importance of modernizing agriculture and rural areas, focusing on solving "three rural issues" and promoting urban-rural integration [6] Group 5: Social Welfare - There is a commitment to improving people's livelihoods and promoting common prosperity, with a focus on enhancing social mobility and quality of life [7][8] Group 6: Environmental Sustainability - The session calls for a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, with a focus on achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality while enhancing ecological safety [9] Group 7: National Security and Defense - The modernization of the national security system and capabilities is emphasized, alongside the goal of achieving high-quality development in national defense and military modernization [10][11] Group 8: Party Governance - Effective party governance is seen as essential for strong economic and social development, with a focus on strict party discipline and anti-corruption efforts [13]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for strengthening original innovation and tackling key core technologies to promote deep integration of technological and industrial innovation [1] Group 1: Technological Innovation - The meeting calls for accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and leading the development of new quality productivity [1] - It highlights the importance of seizing the historical opportunity presented by a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation [1] Group 2: National Innovation System - The article stresses the need to enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system and to comprehensively strengthen independent innovation capabilities [1] - There is a focus on occupying the commanding heights of technological development [1] Group 3: Integration of Education and Technology - The meeting advocates for the integrated advancement of education, technology, and talent development [1] - It also emphasizes the importance of promoting the construction of a digital China [1]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of talent in driving technological innovation, which in turn opens up markets and enhances talent cultivation, creating a positive feedback loop for the national innovation system [1][2] - Recent reforms in higher education, particularly in engineering, have led to the organized and large-scale joint training of over 20,000 engineering master's and doctoral students across more than 60 universities and 100 enterprises [1][2] - The shift in educational focus towards enhancing problem-solving abilities and aligning training with industry needs has effectively addressed the disconnect between academic research and practical engineering applications [2][3] Group 2 - Continuous and comprehensive reforms in higher engineering education are necessary to ensure the expected outcomes, including establishing better platforms for university-enterprise resource integration and improving intellectual property distribution mechanisms [3] - Collaborative initiatives, such as the "China Metallurgical Industry Excellence Engineer Training Alliance," demonstrate how universities can innovate talent training methods to better serve national strategies and economic development [3][4] - The new training model for outstanding engineers is seen as a significant step in reforming talent cultivation, contributing to the overall improvement of the national innovation system and supporting national development goals [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing the technology management system and mechanism in China to foster innovation and achieve the goal of becoming a technology powerhouse by 2035 [1][2]. Group 1: Government Role - The government should strengthen top-level design and institutional supply to create a conducive environment for innovation, focusing on establishing property rights, financial support systems, and research evaluation mechanisms [2][3]. - A clear delineation of responsibilities among government departments is necessary to avoid overlapping functions and enhance collaborative governance [3]. Group 2: Market Role - The market must play a crucial role in optimizing resource allocation and discovering value, as market-oriented innovation systems demonstrate significantly higher resource allocation efficiency compared to administrative-led systems [4]. - Establishing a national technology trading market and promoting the marketization of data elements are essential steps to enhance the innovation ecosystem [4][5]. Group 3: Social Role - The article highlights the need for social collaboration in driving innovation, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive ecosystem that includes various stakeholders such as enterprises, universities, and research institutions [6][7]. - Building infrastructure for collaborative innovation, such as open research platforms and digital collaboration systems, is vital for fostering a cooperative innovation environment [7].