Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the necessity of a strong foundational research and original innovation capability to build a technology powerhouse in China, highlighting the importance of a supportive innovation culture that fosters disruptive thinking and unconventional exploration [1][2]. Group 1: Elements of Innovation Culture - A culture that encourages original research must prioritize excellence and aim for breakthroughs from "0 to 1," focusing on solving significant scientific problems rather than short-term metrics like publication counts [2][3]. - There should be a recognition of the value of failure in scientific exploration, including mechanisms to acknowledge the contributions of unsuccessful projects and the importance of foundational work in research [3][4]. - An active and healthy academic environment is essential, allowing for diverse academic exchanges and the challenging of established theories, which can lead to groundbreaking ideas [3][4]. Group 2: Recommendations for Enhancing Innovation Culture - Reforming the research evaluation system to focus on original value, extending evaluation periods to 5-10 years, and incorporating international peer review mechanisms [4][5]. - Optimizing funding mechanisms to support risky and disruptive innovations, including the establishment of special funds for original exploration and a "failure funding" mechanism for projects that tackle significant scientific challenges [4][5]. - Creating an academic environment that allows unconventional scientists to thrive, including implementing a "three-year silence rule" for new theories to prevent premature criticism [5][6].