Core Argument - The article discusses the contrasting global order strategies of the United States and China, highlighting the U.S. tariff strategy as a means to maintain hegemony, while China promotes a zero-tariff policy to foster multilateral cooperation and win-win outcomes [1][2]. U.S. Tariff Strategy - The U.S. government initiated a tariff strategy in July 2019, imposing a base tariff rate of 10% with potential increases up to 50% on 51 countries, aiming to repatriate manufacturing and counter China [1][2]. - Approximately $64 billion in tariffs have been collected, which is only slightly above the previous year's levels, indicating a failure to meet ambitious goals [2]. - The tariff strategy has led to strong backlash from allies, with the EU preparing a countermeasure list worth $88 billion, and public sentiment in Canada and Mexico favoring reduced dependency on the U.S. [2]. China's Zero-Tariff Policy - Starting in June, China announced a "zero-tariff" policy for 53 African countries, significantly upgrading its previous tax exemption policies for the least developed nations [4]. - This policy aims to create attractive institutional advantages for African exporters, allowing them to bypass U.S. pressures and access China's vast market [4][11]. - However, the benefits of this policy are unevenly distributed, favoring more developed African economies while marginalizing others, necessitating support in public services and supply chain finance [4]. Comparison of Strategies - The U.S. strategy relies on coercive high tariffs, targeting traditional allies and low-income countries, resulting in market turmoil and loss of trust among allies [6]. - In contrast, China's strategy employs voluntary tax exemptions to attract new partners, particularly in Africa, aiming to enhance exports and reshape institutional power dynamics [9][11]. - The article emphasizes that the U.S. approach is a zero-sum game dependent on force, while China's focus is on long-term cooperation and mutual benefits [11]. Africa's Role - Africa is positioned as a critical battleground in the U.S.-China rivalry, with its rich resources and large market potential driving interest from both nations [11]. - China's zero-tariff policy, combined with infrastructure investments, is expected to integrate African manufacturing into global value chains and diversify export structures [11]. - The article suggests that if the U.S. continues its current tariff approach, it risks pushing African nations towards a China-centric cooperation model [12].