Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of tree species diversity in enhancing forest photosynthesis, which is crucial for carbon dioxide absorption in terrestrial ecosystems [2][3]. Group 1: Importance of Tree Species Diversity - Tree species diversity is identified as a key factor influencing global forest photosynthesis, second only to temperature [3]. - Richer tree species diversity leads to stronger photosynthetic capacity in forests [3]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Enhanced Photosynthesis - Biodiversity enhances photosynthesis through two main pathways: increasing canopy complexity and improving nutrient absorption from the soil [3]. - Different plant species grow at varying heights and times, optimizing light exposure and nutrient uptake, which collectively boosts photosynthesis [3]. Group 3: Ecological Restoration Strategies - Mimicking natural ecosystems by planting mixed forests can significantly improve biodiversity and carbon sequestration in southern China [4]. - Targeted cultivation of cold-resistant tree species in northeastern regions can enhance survival rates and biodiversity [4].

如果我们把一台望远镜架在江苏南京紫金山上，就可以观察山中树木在春天渐渐变绿；如果把望远镜架 到空中，清晰度放大1万倍，就能看到全球森林随着光阴流逝如何被"染绿"；如果再借助一台特殊的"太 空望远镜"，从太空中看向地球，就能捕捉到肉眼无法看清的细节——森林自身发出的微弱荧光。 森林也会发光吗？没错。植物在白天进行光合作用时会发出荧光，叫作叶绿素荧光。不过这种光太微 弱，只有太阳光强度的1%，被强烈的"背景光"掩盖，肉眼难以看到。 我们所借助的"太空望远镜"，就是遥感卫星。这些卫星绕地球运动，搭载着高分辨率光谱仪，这是由光 栅等组成的分光系统。太阳光其实是由多种不同波长的色光组成。透过普通望远镜，我们只能看到红黄 蓝三原色，但特殊望远镜的分光系统就像筛子，可以根据波长的细微差异，将太阳光"梳理"出几十万种 颜色。科学家发现，这些不同颜色之间夹杂着许多细细的"黑线"。这些"黑线"是太阳光被大气层吸收后 留下的"空白地带"，给我们观察微弱的叶绿素荧光留下了"窗口"。当我们借助特殊望远镜观察，会发现 原本应该是"黑线"的位置，出现了淡淡的偏红色荧光。这些微弱的荧光是植物进行光合作用的指征，它 们的强弱反映出光合作用的大 ...