Group 1 - The Indian government aims to increase the share of electric vehicles (EVs) in total passenger car sales to 30% by 2030, while the current penetration rate is only 2.5% in 2024 [1] - To boost domestic EV manufacturing, the government offers import duty exemptions for manufacturers investing at least $500 million in local production facilities and meeting domestic value addition standards [1] - Despite efforts to develop the domestic EV industry, the Indian government is resisting Chinese investments, notably blocking BYD's proposal to invest $1 billion in a manufacturing plant [1][2] Group 2 - The slow adoption of EVs in India is attributed to factors such as range anxiety, high costs, safety concerns regarding battery technology, and limited vehicle options [2] - The Indian government has initiated the "Promote Indian Electric Passenger Car Manufacturing Scheme" to address issues related to imported components, but stringent requirements hinder manufacturers from applying for duty exemptions [2] - Some Indian states have implemented more comprehensive policies to promote the EV industry, offering land subsidies, tax incentives, and expedited approvals [2] Group 3 - Indian automakers heavily rely on imports from China, with 75% of all batteries imported in 2023-2024 coming from China [3] - Collaborations between Indian companies and Chinese technology-intensive component manufacturers could help reduce imports and facilitate technology transfer [3] - The reluctance to accept Chinese investments is pushing Chinese companies to explore other markets, while domestic innovation in China is rapidly expanding EV charging infrastructure [3] Group 4 - Cooperation in manufacturing could enhance India's domestic component supply chain, create new opportunities for small and medium enterprises, and significantly improve India's technological capabilities in clean mobility [4]