Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - The hydrogen energy sector is a key focus in the platinum market. Platinum is a crucial catalyst in proton exchange membrane technology, while palladium is used in hydrogen purification but has low technology penetration due to high costs [1][2][63]. - The hydrogen energy industry is currently in a bottleneck period, facing challenges in technology, cost, safety, and infrastructure. These factors limit the growth of downstream hydrogen demand [2][26]. - By 2030, platinum demand in the hydrogen energy sector is expected to reach around 5.53 tons. In the next 5 years, this demand will remain small and unlikely to impact the overall platinum supply - demand balance. The growth of platinum demand is slower than expected due to the decline in fuel - cell vehicle sales, and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers may surpass fuel - cell vehicles as the main application scenario for platinum demand in the hydrogen energy sector [2][59][60]. Summary by Directory 1. Tracing the Origins: Physical and Chemical Properties of Platinum and Palladium and Their Applications in the Hydrogen Energy Industry - In 2024, global platinum demand in hydrogen - related fields was only about 44 thousand ounces, accounting for 0.53% of the total demand. There is no separate statistical data for palladium in the hydrogen - related field [6]. - Platinum is mainly used in hydrogen production and utilization, while palladium is mainly used in the purification stage of hydrogen production [10]. - Platinum is a catalyst material for proton exchange membranes. Proton exchange membranes are widely used in hydrogen production and utilization. Platinum has high catalytic activity and acid - resistance stability, making it suitable for this role [12][18][19]. - Palladium can selectively permeate hydrogen and is used in hydrogen purification. However, due to high costs, the palladium membrane method has low penetration compared to the PSA method [20][21][25]. 2. A Long Road Ahead: Analysis of the Hydrogen Energy Industry Development - **Current situation**: Electrolytic water hydrogen production is growing rapidly, but fuel - cell vehicles, the main application of hydrogen fuel cells, are facing difficulties in promotion, with a decline in new promotion numbers [2][27]. - **Advantages**: Hydrogen energy has excellent coupling with renewable energy, which can solve the mismatch between renewable energy power generation and power consumption [29][30]. - **Policy differences**: China views the hydrogen energy industry as an important means to achieve the dual - carbon goal. Japan and South Korea focus on fuel - cell vehicles, while EU countries represented by Germany emphasize environmental protection and energy supply [2][34][36]. - **Bottlenecks**: The hydrogen energy industry is restricted by technology, cost, safety, and infrastructure, which limit the growth of downstream hydrogen demand [2][26][38]. 3. Long - Term Strategy: Estimation of Platinum and Palladium Demand in the Hydrogen Energy Industry - **Single consumption of core applications**: In fuel - cell vehicles, the estimated platinum consumption per passenger car is about 25 grams, and per commercial vehicle is about 65 grams. For proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, the estimated platinum consumption per megawatt is about 700 grams. Reducing platinum loading is a major research direction in the proton exchange membrane industry [42][43][44]. - **Development prediction of related fields**: For proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, the maximum installed capacity of announced projects is about 520GW, but after excluding early - stage projects, the maximum installed capacity from 2025 - 2030 is 225GW. It is predicted that by 2030, the new installed capacity of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers will have a compound annual growth rate of 44% - 56%. For proton exchange membrane fuel cells, considering infrastructure challenges, it is predicted that by 2030, fuel - cell commercial vehicle sales will have a small compound annual decline of 1% - 5%, and passenger vehicle sales will have a larger decline of 23% - 27% [48][50][54]. - **Prediction results**: By 2030, platinum demand in the hydrogen energy sector is expected to reach around 5.53 tons. In the next 5 years, this demand will be small, the growth rate is slower than expected, and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers may become the main application scenario for platinum demand [59][60][61].