Group 1 - Carlo Ginzburg, an Italian historian, is renowned for his microhistorical research, aiming to bridge the gap between historical truth and narrative [1] - Ginzburg's recent work, "Clues and Traces," reflects on his academic journey and the influence of novelists like Tolstoy and Calvino on his approach to history [3][4] - The discussion around the relationship between microhistory and macrohistory has gained traction, highlighting the challenges historians face in capturing the complexity of historical events [6][8] Group 2 - Ginzburg emphasizes the importance of deeply engaging with texts to reveal uncontrolled voices and suggests that truth is a destination rather than a starting point [1][3] - The narrative approach in microhistory allows for the inclusion of uncertainties and interpretations of incomplete truths, contrasting with traditional historical narratives [4][6] - The interplay between individual experiences and broader historical contexts is crucial, as illustrated by the works of Tolstoy, who reconstructs historical phenomena through the actions of all participants [5][9] Group 3 - The microhistorical approach in Italy focuses on both established themes and previously overlooked subjects, emphasizing the significance of context in historical research [28][29] - Ginzburg's reflections indicate that microhistory is not merely a collection of isolated studies but a method that challenges conventional historical narratives [27][30] - The unique characteristics of Italian microhistory lie in its commitment to exploring the implications of historical limitations and the complexities of individual narratives [20][31]

《塑造宋代历史：史料与叙事》，[美]蔡涵墨著，刘云军译，社会科学文献出版社2024年12月出版， 644页，119.00元 美国学者蔡涵墨（Charles Hartman）教授的新著《塑造宋代历史：史料与叙事》中译本新近问世（社会 科学文献出版社，2024年12月版，刘云军译；The Making of Song Dynasty History: Sources and Narratives, 960-1279 CE, Cambridge University Press, 2020.；下文简称"蔡著"或"本书"，征引中文版内 容，以夹注"第某页"形式标明页码，不再单独出注）。本书主要讨论了宋史史料与史料文本的叙事问 题，作为海外学界最近研究宋代史学史与政治、思想史的力作，"是第一本参考当代解构主义理论来分 析宋朝史学主要修辞特征的重要研究成果"（导论，第4页）。 蔡著开宗明义，以导论"走向动态的宋代史学"阐明著述思路，总论全书内容，将宋代历史著作视为一 种"动态"创作过程，从而提出"活的史学"的概念，并给出"探讨这些特征如何影响现存的宋代历史记 录"（第8页）的目标。导论以外本书共设十一章，分为两部分，其中 ...