Core Insights - The article highlights the significant rise in respiratory infections among children during the autumn and winter seasons, with a particular emphasis on the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, which are more common than influenza [1][2]. Group 1: RSV Infection Trends - The China CDC reported a notable increase in influenza activity, with most provinces entering the influenza epidemic period, while RSV detection rates remain high, particularly in northern provinces [1]. - RSV has been the leading cause of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children aged 0-4 years for 20 consecutive weeks, indicating a critical public health concern [1]. Group 2: Prevention Measures - Due to the lack of specific treatments for RSV, preventive measures are crucial. Recommendations include minimizing exposure to crowded places, ensuring hand hygiene, and disinfecting environments [2]. - The WHO has endorsed the use of long-acting monoclonal antibodies or maternal vaccines to prevent RSV infections in infants, highlighting the importance of immunization during the RSV season [2]. Group 3: Availability of Preventive Services - The number of medical institutions in Beijing offering RSV preventive monoclonal antibody injections has expanded to 83, making it more accessible for parents to protect their children [3]. - The vaccination process has been streamlined through various appointment methods, including mobile apps and direct consultations, ensuring that parents can easily access RSV preventive care [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising concern over respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among infants during the autumn and winter seasons, highlighting the importance of the monoclonal antibody Nirsevimab as a preventive measure against RSV [1][2]. Group 1: RSV Overview - RSV is a highly contagious respiratory virus that primarily affects children under the age of 2, especially those under 6 months old, with a high incidence of infection during the RSV season [1][3]. - Symptoms of RSV infection include runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, and fever, with severe cases potentially leading to bronchiolitis or pneumonia [1][2]. Group 2: Nirsevimab Details - Nirsevimab is currently the only approved preventive measure against RSV infection in China, providing protective effects for over 5 months [2][3]. - It is a long-acting monoclonal antibody that passively supplies antibodies to the body, helping to reduce the severity of symptoms rather than completely preventing infection [3][4]. Group 3: Target Population for Nirsevimab - The recommended recipients of Nirsevimab are newborns and infants entering their first RSV season, particularly those who are premature, have immune deficiencies, or congenital heart disease [3][4]. - Healthy infants who have already passed their first RSV season typically do not require the injection, as it may not be cost-effective for all children [3][4]. Group 4: Preventive Measures - Experts recommend physical barriers to prevent RSV, such as avoiding crowded places and reducing cross-infection, along with ensuring proper nutrition to enhance children's immune systems [4].