01 "黄金果"，其实是乳茄 "黄金果"叫乳茄（Solanum mammosum），还有别名"五指茄""牛头茄"。它是原产于南美洲、中美洲的 茄科茄属植物，喜欢温暖湿润的环境，现在我国广东、广西、云南、福建等地已经引入，作为观赏植物 栽培。 市场上出售的乳茄，看上去硕果累累，格外繁茂，实际上自然生长的乳茄果实并没有这么密集。原来， 用来出售的观赏乳茄都是商家提前将果实剪下来，固定在底座上做出造型，再插上其他植物的绿叶做出 来的。为什么不直接用乳茄自身的叶片？这是因为，乳茄的茎和叶子表面都长着黄色的针状尖刺，虽然 较为稀疏，但仍有把人刺伤的可能性。而且，它的叶子观赏性也不太强。 将乳茄果实剖开，可以看到白色的果肉，中间的空腔里是一团黑色的籽。需要注意的是，乳茄虽然和大 家熟悉的番茄、茄子、辣椒等蔬菜是同科植物，但不能顺理成章地觉得乳茄和它们一样能吃。乳茄含有 多种有毒的生物活性成分，如龙葵碱、茄碱等，随意食用有中毒风险。而且，乳茄果肉味道很苦，即使 冒着危险吃了也不会觉得值得的。 尽管乳茄进入我国的时间并不太长，现在南方一些地区已经发现了野生乳茄的记录，很可能是乳茄果实 被丢弃后，里面的种子在适合的条件下萌发生 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the rapid growth of the exotic pet market in China, with approximately 17 million people currently keeping exotic pets, leading to a market size nearing 10 billion RMB [1] - The Chinese government has recognized the need for stricter management of exotic pets, incorporating it into the Central Document No. 1 for 2023, which emphasizes the need to combat illegal introduction of foreign species and regulate the trade and release of exotic pets [3] Group 1: Market Growth and Trends - The demand and trade of exotic pets in China are increasing quickly, with a report indicating that the number of people raising exotic pets will continue to rise in 2024 [1] - Social media platforms are filled with influencers sharing tips and tricks for raising exotic pets, indicating a cultural trend towards these non-traditional pets [1] Group 2: Regulatory Actions - The 2023 Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the need for strict management of exotic pets, including actions against illegal introduction of foreign species and the regulation of their trade and release [3] - Recent incidents, such as the interception of 35 exotic geckos at Hangzhou Airport, highlight the ongoing challenges in managing the illegal importation of exotic species [3] Group 3: Ecological and Biological Risks - Many exotic pets are classified as foreign species, which can pose significant ecological and biological risks, including competition with native species for resources and potential threats to biodiversity [9][10] - The article warns that if these exotic pets escape or are abandoned, they could disrupt local ecosystems and threaten biological safety [10] Group 4: Legal Framework and Compliance - The article outlines the legal framework surrounding the trade and keeping of exotic pets, including the need for approval before introducing or releasing foreign species, as stipulated in the Biological Safety Law of the People's Republic of China [11] - Citizens and organizations are urged to comply with relevant laws and regulations when engaging in the trade, keeping, and releasing of exotic pets, emphasizing the importance of verifying the legality of the species and the credentials of sellers [13]

Core Viewpoint - The rise of exotic pets, particularly foreign species, poses significant ecological risks and safety concerns in China, as evidenced by recent interceptions of various exotic species at customs [3][4][6][9]. Group 1: Exotic Pets and Their Popularity - Exotic pets, including snakes, lizards, and beetles, have gained popularity among young people due to their unique appearances and novel care experiences [3]. - Over 17 million people in China are reported to be keeping exotic pets [3]. Group 2: Risks Associated with Exotic Pets - Many exotic pets are foreign species that do not naturally occur in China, which can lead to ecological risks if they escape or are abandoned [4][9]. - Specific intercepted species include two types of beetles and a batch of live snails, which are classified as harmful agricultural pests [4][6]. - Exotic pets can adapt and reproduce quickly in new environments, potentially disrupting local ecosystems and threatening biodiversity [9]. Group 3: Examples of Harmful Exotic Species - Common harmful exotic species include: - Brazilian turtle: No natural predators, can spread Salmonella [10]. - African giant snail: Highly reproductive, can damage over 500 crops and spread diseases [12]. - Alligator gar: A fierce freshwater fish that disrupts local ecosystems [14]. - Alligator snapping turtle: Aggressive and poses a significant threat to local aquatic life [16]. Group 4: Regulations and Management - The distinction between foreign species and invasive species is crucial, with regulations in place to manage the introduction and release of foreign species in China [20]. - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has established a dynamic list of invasive species that require strict management [20]. Group 5: Guidelines for Purchasing Exotic Pets - Potential exotic pet owners are advised to follow the "three checks": - Check the source: Choose legal breeding farms and avoid smuggled or wild-caught animals [21]. - Check health: Request quarantine certificates and observe the pet's activity and health [22]. - Check regulations: Confirm if the species is protected or classified as an invasive species [23].