Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant breakthrough in surgical automation with the introduction of the SRT-H surgical robot, which can independently perform complex soft tissue surgeries without direct human intervention, achieving a 100% success rate in gallbladder removal surgeries [1][3]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The SRT-H robot completed 8 gallbladder surgeries autonomously, demonstrating the ability to handle 17 different task instructions seamlessly [2][3]. - The robot can self-correct during procedures, averaging 6 self-corrections per surgery, showcasing its adaptability in complex surgical environments [3][21]. - The robot's design includes a "layered brain" architecture, separating high-level strategy and low-level execution, allowing it to understand and execute commands in natural language [11][15]. Group 2: Surgical Complexity and Training - Gallbladder surgery was chosen for testing due to its commonality and moderate difficulty, requiring precise control and coordination [7][10]. - The research team trained the robot using over 16,000 recorded trajectories from experienced surgeons, ensuring a robust dataset for learning [18][20]. - The robot's ability to recognize and adapt to varying anatomical structures during surgery was validated through diverse gallbladder samples [10][12]. Group 3: Performance Comparison - In a head-to-head comparison, the robot demonstrated superior precision and stability in surgical tasks compared to an experienced human surgeon, although the surgeon was faster [31][34]. - The robot's average motion stability was significantly better, with lower mean jerk values compared to human performance [33][34]. Group 4: Future Implications - The ultimate goal is to develop a "universal surgical robot" capable of performing various surgical procedures autonomously, currently classified at Level IV autonomy [38][40]. - The potential for robots to assist in remote or extreme environments, such as space or deep-sea operations, is emphasized, indicating a transformative impact on healthcare delivery [40][41].