转自：北京日报客户端 日本军国主义滋长是对战后国际秩序的严重威胁 ——访中国社会科学院学部委员张海鹏 记者： 日本首相高市早苗在国会宣称"台湾有事"或构成日本可行使集体自卫权的"存亡危机事态"，公然干涉中 国内政，进行武力威胁。日本所谓"存亡危机"的真相究竟是什么？ 张海鹏： 回顾历史，打出所谓"生存权""自卫"或者"存亡危机"这样的旗号，是日本发动对外侵略的惯用伎俩。 1931年，日本蓄意发动九一八事变，自此开启了长达14年的侵华战争。1937年发动卢沟桥事变，陆续占 领我国华北、华东、华中、华南交通要道以及大中城市，包括北平、天津、保定、济南、青岛、上海、 南京、武汉、长沙、南昌、广州等地。日军势力侵略了大半个中国，并在中国境内制造了伪满洲国、南 京汪伪和北平伪组织等几个傀儡政权，在那里实行日本式殖民统治。侵华战争造成中国军民伤亡3500万 人以上，直接经济损失1000多亿美元，无数和平居民在战火中奔走流徙、辗转沟壑。南京大屠杀，造成 30万和平居民和放下武器的士兵惨死；分布在各地的数以百计的万人坑，至今白骨嶙嶙。"三光"政策， 烧杀奸淫，给中国人民留下了永远难以抚平的痛苦记忆。强征"慰安妇"、731细菌 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article explores the reflections of Germany and Japan, the defeated nations of World War II, through various museums that house artifacts from the war, questioning how these countries confront their past [1] Group 1: Nuremberg Trials and Artifacts - The Nuremberg Trials were held from November 1945 to October 1946, where major Nazi war criminals were prosecuted, marking a significant moment in international law [1][4] - A notable artifact is a green military evidence box used by the U.S. Army, which once contained Nazi wartime documents, highlighting the meticulous collection of evidence for the trials [2][4] - The trials were based on extensive documentation collected by Allied forces, which included Nazi laws, speeches, and official statements, establishing a precedent for future international legal proceedings [4] Group 2: Museums in Germany - The Berlin Karlshorst Museum, known for its collection of artifacts from battles between Nazis and Soviets, features a significant poster titled "Strangling Hitler," which inspired public resistance during the war [5][6] - The museum's history dates back to 1967, originally established to commemorate Soviet military achievements, and has undergone several name changes to reflect its evolving focus [7] Group 3: Japanese War Propaganda - The Ritsumeikan University International Peace Museum in Japan houses a deceptive political cartoon used by the Japanese military during the invasion of China, illustrating the propaganda tactics employed to mislead the Chinese populace [8][9] - The museum aims to confront Japan's wartime actions and educate visitors about the historical realities of Japanese aggression, despite facing challenges in visitor numbers compared to other museums that present a victim-centric narrative [10] Group 4: Economic Warfare - During the invasion of China, Japan orchestrated a large-scale economic war, including the counterfeiting of Chinese currency to destabilize the economy, which is documented at the Meiji University Peace Education Center [11][13] - The counterfeit currency was used to pay military personnel and to disrupt the Chinese economy, contributing to severe inflation and long-term economic consequences for China [14]