Group 1 - The core issue revolves around the accessibility of public universities in China, particularly Tsinghua University and Peking University, which have implemented strict entry restrictions post-pandemic, limiting public access to their campuses [1][3] - The trend of campus closures began before the pandemic, with universities citing safety and order as reasons for restricting access, which has now become a systemic governance preference under the guise of "safety" [2][3] - The management logic of universities often prioritizes internal order over public service, leading to a conflict between public demand for access and rigid entry mechanisms [3][5] Group 2 - International examples, such as MIT and Harvard, showcase a contrasting approach to campus accessibility, where open campuses are seen as vital for fostering innovation and community engagement [4] - The question of "who does the university belong to?" is emphasized, suggesting that as publicly funded institutions, universities should serve the broader society and not just their internal community [5] - The current educational landscape in China, with a gross enrollment rate of 60.8%, indicates that universities are no longer exclusive to elite groups but are essential for lifelong learning, reinforcing the need for open access as a fundamental responsibility of public universities [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the shift in university campus accessibility, highlighting the transition from open campuses to restricted access for non-students, reflecting broader societal changes and concerns about safety and management [1][25][27]. Historical Context - Historically, universities were open to the public, allowing free access to students, scholars, and community members, which fostered academic discussion and cultural exchange [5][7][9]. - The tradition of openness in universities has been a long-standing practice, dating back to the Renaissance and the establishment of modern universities in China during the late Qing Dynasty [11][12]. Recent Changes - In recent years, particularly post-pandemic, many universities have tightened access, implementing measures such as registration and limited entry for non-students, which contrasts sharply with the previous culture of openness [25][27]. - The article notes that this shift has led to a generation of students who are accustomed to strict access controls, which has altered the social dynamics within university campuses [25][31]. Cultural Implications - The closure of university campuses to the public has significant cultural implications, as it limits the interaction between students and the broader community, reducing opportunities for cultural exchange and collaboration [17][24]. - The article emphasizes that the essence of university culture should be inclusivity and openness, which is being compromised by current management practices [17][31]. Safety and Management Concerns - The article discusses the rationale behind the closure of campuses, citing safety concerns and management efficiency as primary reasons for the shift towards a more closed environment [27][30]. - However, it questions whether these measures truly enhance safety or simply reflect a growing fear of external influences and a desire for control within academic institutions [30][31].