科技日报记者付丽丽 16日，水利部举行"十四五"时期数字孪生水利体系建设进展成效新闻发布会。水利部副部长王宝恩在会 上介绍，我国数字孪生水利体系框架基本形成，并在水旱灾害防御、水资源管理与调配等多方面展现出 显著成效，为推动水利高质量发展、保障国家水安全提供了有力技术支撑。 同时，为全面掌握水情、工情，水利部门正加快构建"天空地水工"一体化监测感知系统。该系统在时 空、范围、精度、频次等方面协同融合，实现了对水利全要素和治理管理全过程的智能监测感知。目 前，该网络已涵盖34颗遥感卫星、180多部测雨雷达、13.6万处地面水文站及超过30万处工程安全监测 点，基本覆盖了水旱灾害防御、水资源管理与调配等水利业务需要。 王宝恩指出，在水旱灾害防御方面，数字孪生技术通过实时滚动模拟洪水演进、优化调度方案，为科学 精准调度流域工程体系提供了关键支持，在应对海河"23.7"流域性特大洪水、珠江流域北江百年罕见洪 水等过程中发挥了重要作用。在今年长江流域主汛期来水显著偏少的情况下，该技术助力流域58座控制 性水库实现汛末蓄水1081亿立方米，再创历史新高。 在水资源管理方面，数字孪生南水北调有力保障了工程安全、供水安全与水 ...

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a digital twin water conservancy system has significantly improved flood forecasting capabilities in China, extending the flood prediction period from 3 days to 10 days, which supports effective flood management and disaster response [2][5]. Group 1: Digital Twin Water Conservancy System - The digital twin water conservancy system enhances the "four pre" functions: forecasting, early warning, simulation, and planning [3]. - A comprehensive monitoring and sensing system integrating "sky, land, water, and engineering" has been established to provide real-time information for risk monitoring and prevention in water conservancy projects [3]. Group 2: Flood Management and Capacity - The flood storage capacity of the seven major rivers in China has reached 2,104 billion cubic meters, enabling the country to defend against the largest floods since the founding of the People's Republic of China [7][9]. - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 3,981 rivers have experienced floods exceeding warning levels, with 223 rivers recording the largest floods on record [9]. Group 3: Water Resource Management - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the total water consumption in China achieved zero growth despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [12]. - The water usage per unit of GDP and per unit of industrial added value is projected to decrease by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, by 2024 compared to 2020 [16]. Group 4: Water Conservation Initiatives - The government is promoting water-saving actions across key industries and enhancing irrigation modernization, particularly in the Yellow River basin and the South-to-North Water Diversion project areas [14][18]. - The area of water-saving irrigation has reached 6.38 million acres, with the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland increasing to 0.58 [16].

Core Viewpoint - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China is accelerating the construction of a digital twin water conservancy system, enhancing water management and governance capabilities through advanced monitoring and forecasting technologies [1][4]. Group 1: Monitoring and Detection Systems - China has established a comprehensive monitoring and perception system consisting of 31 remote sensing satellites, over 4,000 drones, more than 100 rain radar stations, 133,000 ground water monitoring stations, and over 300,000 safety monitoring points for water conservancy projects [4]. - The system integrates various technologies, including infrared cameras and laser radars on drones, to detect issues such as dam leakage and piping [1][4]. Group 2: Flood Prevention and Management - The country is advancing the "four-preparation" capabilities for flood prevention across seven major river basins, providing strong support for resisting regional flooding [4]. - The development of models such as the "cloud-rain" precipitation forecasting model and hydrodynamic flood propagation model aims to extend the forecasting period and improve accuracy [7]. Group 3: Disaster Defense Systems - The Yellow River Water Resources Commission is working on a disaster defense system by comparing physical parameters and experimental results between the prototype Yellow River and the digital twin Yellow River [6].