Core Viewpoint - The construction of a digital twin water conservancy system has significantly improved flood forecasting capabilities in China, extending the flood prediction period from 3 days to 10 days, which supports effective flood management and disaster response [2][5]. Group 1: Digital Twin Water Conservancy System - The digital twin water conservancy system enhances the "four pre" functions: forecasting, early warning, simulation, and planning [3]. - A comprehensive monitoring and sensing system integrating "sky, land, water, and engineering" has been established to provide real-time information for risk monitoring and prevention in water conservancy projects [3]. Group 2: Flood Management and Capacity - The flood storage capacity of the seven major rivers in China has reached 2,104 billion cubic meters, enabling the country to defend against the largest floods since the founding of the People's Republic of China [7][9]. - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 3,981 rivers have experienced floods exceeding warning levels, with 223 rivers recording the largest floods on record [9]. Group 3: Water Resource Management - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the total water consumption in China achieved zero growth despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [12]. - The water usage per unit of GDP and per unit of industrial added value is projected to decrease by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, by 2024 compared to 2020 [16]. Group 4: Water Conservation Initiatives - The government is promoting water-saving actions across key industries and enhancing irrigation modernization, particularly in the Yellow River basin and the South-to-North Water Diversion project areas [14][18]. - The area of water-saving irrigation has reached 6.38 million acres, with the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland increasing to 0.58 [16].

Core Viewpoint - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China is accelerating the construction of a digital twin water conservancy system, enhancing water management and governance capabilities through advanced monitoring and forecasting technologies [1][4]. Group 1: Monitoring and Detection Systems - China has established a comprehensive monitoring and perception system consisting of 31 remote sensing satellites, over 4,000 drones, more than 100 rain radar stations, 133,000 ground water monitoring stations, and over 300,000 safety monitoring points for water conservancy projects [4]. - The system integrates various technologies, including infrared cameras and laser radars on drones, to detect issues such as dam leakage and piping [1][4]. Group 2: Flood Prevention and Management - The country is advancing the "four-preparation" capabilities for flood prevention across seven major river basins, providing strong support for resisting regional flooding [4]. - The development of models such as the "cloud-rain" precipitation forecasting model and hydrodynamic flood propagation model aims to extend the forecasting period and improve accuracy [7]. Group 3: Disaster Defense Systems - The Yellow River Water Resources Commission is working on a disaster defense system by comparing physical parameters and experimental results between the prototype Yellow River and the digital twin Yellow River [6].