2025年度水利科学技术研究五大前沿热点词发布 中新网11月24日电 据"中国水利"微信公众号消息，11月21—22日，全国科学技术名词审定委员会2025 年度工作会议暨学术年会在京举办，会议期间发布了涵盖11个学科领域的68条2025年度科学技术研究前 沿热点词，其中"国家水网""智能大坝""数字孪生水利体系""旱涝急转""幸福河湖"等5个水利科学技术研 究热点词成功入选，集中反映了当前水利科技发展的前沿动态与未来趋势。 此次发布的水利科学技术前沿热点词，由全国水利科技名词审定委员会在全国科学技术名词审定委员 会、水利部国科司指导下组织征集推荐，经多轮专家论证审议后确定。"国家水网"是指以自然河湖为基 础、引调排水工程为通道、调蓄工程为节点、智慧调控为手段，集水资源优化配置、流域防洪减灾、水 生态系统保护等功能于一体的综合性水利工程体系。"智能大坝"是新一代信息技术与传统大坝工程深度 融合的产物，其核心在于通过物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术，实现大坝工程全生命周期 的透彻化感知、智能化分析、精准化决策与协同化管理。"数字孪生水利体系"是以物理水利对象为单 元、时空数据为底座、数学模型为核心、水利知 ...

Core Viewpoint - China has established the world's largest water conservancy infrastructure system, contributing significantly to flood control, water supply, food security, and ecological safety during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4][2]. Infrastructure Development - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 172 major water conservancy projects have been initiated, optimizing the layout, structure, function, and system integration of water conservancy infrastructure [3]. - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments [3]. - Water conservancy investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years from 2022 to 2024, with total investment during the 14th Five-Year Plan expected to surpass 5.4 trillion yuan, 1.6 times that of the 13th Five-Year Plan [3]. Disaster Prevention and Response - The country has successfully managed floods exceeding warning levels in 3,981 rivers and has not experienced any major dam failures since 2022, demonstrating enhanced flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities [3]. - Effective measures have been taken to ensure water supply for both drinking and irrigation in drought-affected areas, particularly in the Yangtze and Pearl River basins [3]. Environmental Improvement - The 14th Five-Year Plan has led to significant improvements in the ecological conditions of key rivers and lakes, achieving a 98.6% compliance rate for ecological flow standards [5]. - Initiatives such as the Mother River Revival Action have resulted in the restoration of over 1,300 square kilometers of water area in major lakes [5]. Water Resource Efficiency - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China's total water consumption has remained stable despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [6]. - The water usage per unit of GDP and industrial added value has decreased by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to 2020 [7]. Technological and Institutional Advancements - The development of a digital twin water conservancy system has been prioritized to enhance flood prevention and water resource management [9]. - New laws and regulations, including the Yangtze River Protection Law and the Groundwater Management Regulations, have been implemented to strengthen water resource management [9].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant achievements in China's water conservancy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emphasizing improvements in flood control, water supply, food security, and ecological safety [2][3]. Investment and Infrastructure - Water conservancy investment has reached a historical high, with over 1 trillion yuan invested annually for three consecutive years, totaling 13,529 billion yuan in 2024, which is 1.6 times that of the previous five-year plan [3]. - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 major water diversion projects, and 31.8 million kilometers of embankments, establishing the world's largest and most comprehensive water conservancy infrastructure system [3]. Disaster Management and Response - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP has decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the current plan [3]. - The capacity for flood control in reservoirs is 185.6 billion cubic meters, protecting 660 million people, and the country has effectively managed severe droughts in major river basins [3]. Water Resource Management - The total water usage has achieved zero growth despite significant economic growth, with water usage per unit of GDP and industrial output decreasing by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to 2020 [5]. - The area of effective irrigation has increased to 6.38 million acres, with unconventional water usage reaching 25.1 billion cubic meters [5]. Agricultural Support - Modern irrigation districts have been developed to enhance grain production, with significant investments in water source projects and irrigation area improvements [6]. - The area of irrigated farmland is expected to reach 109 million acres by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [5]. Rural Water Supply - The rural water supply standardization model aims for a 96% coverage rate of tap water in rural areas by the end of the current plan [7]. Ecological Restoration - The area affected by soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has been reduced by over half, with significant improvements in river and lake ecosystems [8][9]. - The implementation of the "Mother River Revival Action" has led to the restoration of several historically significant rivers, with a focus on ecological flow standards [8].

Group 1 - China will introduce a new visa category for young scientific and technological talents, named the "K visa," to promote international exchange and cooperation [2] - The U.S. White House has released a plan proposed by Trump to end the Gaza conflict, which includes an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of Israeli troops to agreed borders [3][18] - Over a hundred mutual funds in China have initiated large-scale purchase restrictions ahead of the National Day holiday, primarily to manage liquidity risks and protect existing investors' returns [4] Group 2 - The National Development and Reform Commission announced a new policy financial tool with a total scale of 500 billion yuan, aimed at supporting project capital [5] - The Ministry of Commerce of China criticized the U.S. for its new export control rules, which impose additional sanctions on subsidiaries of companies on the U.S. entity list [6] - Five departments in China have issued a plan to support Beijing in implementing the WTO e-commerce agreement, enhancing trade services and data management [7] Group 3 - The State Taxation Administration of China will enforce strict regulations on internet platform companies regarding tax obligations, ensuring they do not transfer tax responsibilities to gig workers [8] - The Ministry of Water Resources is advancing the construction of a digital twin water management system to enhance flood prevention and resource management [9] - In 2024, China's total R&D expenditure is projected to reach 36,326.8 billion yuan, with Guangdong province leading with over 500 billion yuan in investment [10] Group 4 - Shanghai is promoting high-quality development of offshore bonds through financial reforms and international cooperation [11] - DeepSeek has launched a new model that significantly reduces costs by over 50%, enhancing its competitive position in the market [22] - Jaguar Land Rover is set to resume production after a month-long halt due to a cyberattack, indicating a recovery in operations [23] Group 5 - OPPO plans to enter the handheld smart imaging device market, targeting a product launch in 2026 to compete with established brands like GoPro and DJI [24] - The U.S. stock market saw a slight increase, with the Nasdaq China Golden Dragon Index rising over 2%, indicating positive investor sentiment towards Chinese tech stocks [25] - Institutional investors showed significant buying activity in stocks like Tianqi Materials and Chuling Information, while New Light Optoelectronics faced substantial selling pressure [26][28]

Core Insights - The Chinese government has made significant progress in water conservancy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, enhancing flood safety, water supply security, food security, and ecological safety [4][5]. Investment and Infrastructure - Water conservancy construction investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years, reaching a historical high of 1.3529 trillion yuan in 2024, with a total expected investment of 5.4 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," which is 1.6 times that of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [5]. - A total of 172 major water conservancy projects have commenced since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," with 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, and 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas completed by the end of 2024 [5]. Disaster Management and Water Resource Allocation - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP has decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [5]. - The national water network coverage is expected to reach 80.3% by the end of this year, with significant projects like the South-to-North Water Diversion and other major water diversion projects enhancing water resource allocation [6]. Water Conservation and Efficiency - Water resource utilization has improved, achieving zero growth in total water consumption despite economic growth, with water usage per unit of GDP and industrial output decreasing by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to 2020 [7]. - The area of effective irrigation has increased to 6.38 million hectares, with unconventional water utilization reaching 25.1 billion cubic meters [7]. Agricultural Support and Rural Water Supply - The government has focused on modernizing irrigation systems and ensuring rural water supply, with a target of 96% for rural tap water coverage by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [8]. - The construction of 30 major water diversion and key water source projects has been prioritized to support food production in major grain-producing areas [8]. Ecological Restoration and Soil Conservation - The area affected by soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has been reduced by over half, with significant measures taken to improve vegetation and soil conservation [11]. - The ecological environment of rivers and lakes has improved, with a focus on restoring flow in historically dried rivers and enhancing ecological water flow standards [10].

Core Insights - The Chinese government has made significant progress in water resources management and infrastructure development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on flood control, water supply, food security, and ecological safety [1][2]. Investment and Infrastructure Development - Water infrastructure investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years, reaching a historical high of 1.3529 trillion yuan in 2024, with a total expected investment of 5.4 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," which is 1.6 times that of the previous five-year period [2]. - A total of 172 major water conservancy projects have commenced since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," with 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, and 31,800 kilometers of embankments constructed by the end of 2024 [2]. Flood and Drought Management - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP has decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the current period, with flood control capacity significantly enhanced [2]. - The water storage capacity of reservoirs is 185.6 billion cubic meters, protecting 660 million people, and the country has effectively managed severe droughts in major river basins [2]. Water Resource Allocation - The national water network coverage is expected to reach 80.3% by the end of this year, with significant projects like the South-to-North Water Diversion and other major water diversion projects enhancing water resource allocation [3]. - The East and Middle Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has delivered over 83 billion cubic meters of water, benefiting 195 million people in 48 major cities [3]. Water Conservation and Efficiency - Water usage has achieved zero growth despite economic expansion, with water efficiency improving significantly; water consumption per unit of GDP and industrial output has decreased by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to 2020 [4]. - The area of water-saving irrigation has reached 63.8 million acres, with the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water increasing to 0.58 [4]. Agricultural Support and Rural Water Supply - The government has focused on modernizing irrigation systems and enhancing agricultural water efficiency, with over 2 million acres of irrigation area restored or improved [5]. - Rural water supply initiatives aim for a 96% coverage rate of tap water by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan," implementing standardized construction and management models [5]. Ecological Restoration - The ecological environment of rivers and lakes has improved, with a 98.6% compliance rate for ecological flow standards in key rivers and lakes [7]. - The area affected by soil erosion on the Loess Plateau has been reduced by over half, with significant investments in soil conservation measures [8].

Core Insights - Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has significantly advanced its water conservancy infrastructure, with investments exceeding 1 trillion yuan for the first time in 2022 and projected to reach 1.3529 trillion yuan in 2024, totaling over 5.4 trillion yuan during the entire period, which is 1.6 times that of the 13th Five-Year Plan [1][2] Investment and Financing - The central government has prioritized water conservancy as a key area for infrastructure investment, implementing various supportive policies, including the issuance of 1 trillion yuan in government bonds in 2023, with water conservancy as a focus area [1] - Average annual non-fiscal funding for water conservancy during the first four years of the 14th Five-Year Plan reached 395.7 billion yuan, which is 2.3 times that of the 13th Five-Year Plan [2] - Social capital participation has been encouraged, with average annual investment from social capital reaching 104 billion yuan, 1.8 times that of the previous plan [2] Infrastructure Development - By the end of 2024, China is expected to have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments, creating the world's largest and most comprehensive water conservancy infrastructure system [2] Safety and Modernization - The water conservancy department emphasizes dam safety, aiming to construct safe, ecological, and intelligent dams, with 12 intelligent dam pilot projects initiated [3] - A modern reservoir management matrix has been established, with 11,814 reservoirs participating, enhancing safety monitoring capabilities significantly [3] Water Resource Management - Despite economic growth, China's total water consumption has remained stable, attributed to efficient water resource management and strict regulations [4] - Water usage per unit of GDP and industrial output has decreased by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, while the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water has improved from 0.565 to 0.58 [4]

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period has seen significant achievements in China's water conservancy development, contributing to flood safety, water supply security, food security, and ecological safety [1] Infrastructure Development - Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," 172 major water conservancy projects have commenced, optimizing the layout, structure, function, and system integration of water infrastructure [2] - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 major water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments [2] - Water conservancy investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years from 2022 to 2024, with total investment expected to surpass 5.4 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," 1.6 times that of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [2] Environmental Improvement - The construction of safe, life-sustaining, and happy rivers and lakes has led to significant ecological improvements, with 98.6% of key rivers and lakes meeting ecological flow standards [4] - The Ministry of Water Resources has implemented strict management of river and lake flood storage spaces, delineating management areas for over 1.7 million kilometers of rivers and more than 3,000 lakes [4] - The restoration of lakes such as Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, and Taihu Lake has increased water surface areas by over 1,300 square kilometers [4] Water Resource Efficiency - During the "14th Five-Year Plan," China's total water consumption has achieved zero growth, despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [5] - The water usage per unit of GDP and per unit of industrial added value has decreased by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to 2020 [6] - The area of water-saving irrigation has reached 63.8 million acres, with the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland rising to 0.58 [6] Technological and Institutional Advancements - The Ministry of Water Resources has advanced the construction of a digital twin water conservancy system to enhance flood prevention and water resource management [8] - New laws and regulations, including the Yangtze River Protection Law and the Yellow River Protection Law, have been implemented to strengthen water resource management [8] - A new investment and financing model for water conservancy has been established, integrating fiscal funds, financial credit, and social capital [8]

Core Insights - Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China's water conservancy development has achieved new results, contributing to flood safety, water supply security, food security, and ecological safety, with an expected investment exceeding 5.4 trillion yuan, 1.6 times that of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [1] Investment and Infrastructure - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 major water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments, forming the world's largest and most comprehensive water conservancy infrastructure system [1] Disaster Prevention and Management - The flood and drought disaster prevention system has improved, with flood control reservoir capacity at 185.6 billion cubic meters, protecting 660 million people, and national flood retention capacity at 109 billion cubic meters [2] - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] Water Resource Utilization - Water resource conservation and utilization capabilities have been enhanced, with an expected national water network coverage rate of 80.3% and irrigation area reaching 109 million acres by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [3] - The total water consumption has achieved zero growth, with water usage per unit of GDP and industrial added value decreasing by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [3] Digital Transformation - The water conservancy sector is advancing digital twin construction, enhancing flood prevention, water resource management, and allocation through a comprehensive monitoring and sensing system [4] - The establishment of a high-fidelity digital flow simulation model system supports decision-making for flood and drought disaster prevention and unified management of water projects [4] Future Planning - The water conservancy department aims to scientifically plan the "15th Five-Year Plan" to promote high-quality water conservancy development and ensure water security in China [5]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a digital twin water conservancy system has significantly improved flood forecasting capabilities in China, extending the flood prediction period from 3 days to 10 days, which supports effective flood management and disaster response [2][5]. Group 1: Digital Twin Water Conservancy System - The digital twin water conservancy system enhances the "four pre" functions: forecasting, early warning, simulation, and planning [3]. - A comprehensive monitoring and sensing system integrating "sky, land, water, and engineering" has been established to provide real-time information for risk monitoring and prevention in water conservancy projects [3]. Group 2: Flood Management and Capacity - The flood storage capacity of the seven major rivers in China has reached 2,104 billion cubic meters, enabling the country to defend against the largest floods since the founding of the People's Republic of China [7][9]. - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 3,981 rivers have experienced floods exceeding warning levels, with 223 rivers recording the largest floods on record [9]. Group 3: Water Resource Management - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the total water consumption in China achieved zero growth despite an average economic growth rate of 5.5% [12]. - The water usage per unit of GDP and per unit of industrial added value is projected to decrease by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, by 2024 compared to 2020 [16]. Group 4: Water Conservation Initiatives - The government is promoting water-saving actions across key industries and enhancing irrigation modernization, particularly in the Yellow River basin and the South-to-North Water Diversion project areas [14][18]. - The area of water-saving irrigation has reached 6.38 million acres, with the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland increasing to 0.58 [16].